< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/swé
Proto-Indo-European
Alternative reconstructions
- *se,[1] *s(w)e[2][3][4]
- *séwe[5] (emphatic counterpart?)
Etymology
This stem (and its substantive pronoun) was originally a reflexive element referring to all persons and numbers (as in Sanskrit and in Balto-Slavic). Its wider use can still be seen in Homer, when ὅς (hós) means "my own" or "your own" (e.g. Odyssey 11.142, 9.28).
Pronoun
*swé
- self (reflexive pronoun)
Declension
Andrew Sihler's reconstruction | |
---|---|
singular | |
nominative | – |
accusative | *s-wé ~ *se |
genitive | *sé-we ~ *sos (adj.) |
ablative | *sw-ét |
dative | *sébʰi ~ *sey, *soy |
Donald Ringe's reconstruction | |
---|---|
singular | |
nominative | – |
accusative | *swé ~ *se |
genitive | *séwe ~ *soy |
dative | *sébʰye ~ *soy |
Robert Beekes' reconstruction | |
---|---|
singular | |
nominative | – |
accusative | *swé |
genitive | *séwe ~ *soy |
dative | *sebʰyo, *soy |
possessive adjective | *swós |
Michiel de Vaan's reconstruction | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | |||
nominative | – | ||
accusative | *s(w)é ~ *se | ||
genitive | *sewe | ||
dative | *sebʰyo | ||
poss. adj. | *swós |
Derived terms
- *swe-
- ? *swésōr
- *sew-ós (< genitive *séwe)
- Proto-Hellenic: *hewós
- Ancient Greek: ἑός (heós)[3]
- Proto-Italic: *sowos[1] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *hewós
- *swéd-yo-s (< ablative *swéd)
- Proto-Hellenic: *hwédios[6]
- Ancient Greek: ἴδιος (ídios)
- Argolic Greek: ἵδιος (hídios)
- Doric Greek: ϝίδιος (wídios)
- Ancient Greek: ἴδιος (ídios)
- Proto-Hellenic: *hwédios[6]
- (possibly) *swó-lo-s
- Proto-Italic: *swolos
- Latin: sōlus
- Proto-Italic: *swolos
- *swo-yo-s
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *swaias
- Latvian: savs
- Latgalian: sovs
- Lithuanian: savas
- Old Prussian: swais
- Proto-Slavic: *svojь
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *swaias
- ? *swe-sin[7]
- Proto-Celtic:
- Old Irish: féin
- Proto-Celtic:
- ? *swe-de-sin[7]
- Proto-Celtic:
- Old Irish: fadesin
- Proto-Celtic:
- Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Germanic: *sibjō (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *swēbaz
- Proto-Germanic: *swainaz
- Proto-Germanic: *swihô
- Proto-Germanic: *swa (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *swē (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *selbaz
- Proto-Slavic: *svatъ
- Latgalian: sevim (“detachedly, apartly”)
- Latgalian: svõts
- Latgalian: svainis
Descendants
- Armenian:
- Old Armenian: իւր (iwr)
- Armenian: իր (ir)
- Old Armenian: իւր (iwr)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sin, *sen
- Old Prussian: sien (“oneself”)
- Proto-Slavic: *sę (acc.), *sebe (gen.)
- Proto-Celtic: *swe[7]
- Proto-Hellenic: *hwe
- Ancient Greek: ἕ (hé),[3] ἔτης (étēs, abl.), ὅς (hós, “his”)
- ⇒ Ancient Greek: ἑκάς (hekás)
- ⇒ Ancient Greek: ἧλιξ (hêlix)
- ⇒ Ancient Greek: σφεῖς (spheîs, “they, them”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swá (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *sē,[1] *swē, *se (acc.), *sefei (dat.), *sed (abl.)
- Old Latin: sed sg, sēd pl (abl.), sibei sg (dat.)
- Latin: sē sg (acc.abl.), suī sg (gen.), sibi sg (dat.)
- Old Latin: sed sg, sēd pl (abl.), sibei sg (dat.)
Coordinate terms
- *éǵh₂
- *túh₂
See also
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “sē”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 549
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 57
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἕ, ἑ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 365
- Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 214, 267
- Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 416–417
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page ἴδιος of 577-578
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*swe- ‘self, own’”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 361
Further reading
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 882