Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/swenh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*swenh₂-[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

to sound

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *swenh₂-

*swḗnh₂-s-t ~ swénh₂-s-n̥t (s-aorist)[6]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: स्वानीत् (svānīt)
*swénh₂-ti ~ swn̥h₂-énti (athematic root present)[6]
- Proto-Italic: *swenō
  - Latin: sonō (“to sound”)
*swonh₂-éye-ti (iterative)[6]
- Proto-Celtic: *swonnīti
  - Proto-Brythonic:
    - Old Welsh:
      - Middle Welsh: honni (“to announce”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: स्वनयति (svanayáti)
- Proto-Italic: *swonāō[3]
  - Latin: sonō (“to sound”)
*swn̥-né-h₂-ti ~ *swn̥-n-h₂-énti (nasal-infix present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Iranian:
    - Avestan: 𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬓𐬀𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌‎ (apaxᵛanuuaⁱṇti, “sound away”, 3pl.)
*swn̥h₂-neh₂-ti
- Proto-Celtic: *swannati (“to sound, play an instrument”)[5]
  - Old Irish: seinnid
*swónh₂-os
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:[2] (possibly)
  - Proto-Slavic: *zvonъ (“sound”) (or from *ǵʰwon-os)
- Proto-Germanic: *swanaz (“swan”)[4]
- Proto-Italic: *swonos
  - Latin: sonus (“sound”) (or from *swenos < *swenh₂-os[7])
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: स्वनति (svánati, “to sound”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: स्वनद्रथ (svanád-ratha, “having a rattling chariot”)
  - Proto-Iranian:
    - Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬝-𐬗𐬀𐬑𐬭𐬀‎‎ (xᵛanat̰-caxra‎, “with sounding wheels”)

Descendants

Proto-Germanic: *swin-, *swen-

References

Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*hu̯anH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 144-145
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*zvȏnъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 550
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “sonō, -āre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 574
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*swana-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 496
Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*swan-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 360
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*su̯enh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 611
Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi

[Cheung_1-1] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*hu̯anH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 144-145

[DerksenS_1-2] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*zvȏnъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 550

[De_vaan_1-3] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “sonō, -āre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 574

[Kroonen1"-4] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*swana-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 496

[Matasovich_1-5] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*swan-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 360

[Rix_1-6] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*su̯enh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 611

[Schrijver_1-7] Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi