Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sweh₂d-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*sweh₂d- (perfective)[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]

sweet

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sweh₂d-

*swéh₂d-t ~ *suh₂d-ént (root aorist)[2]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: εὔαδε (eúade), ἅδε (háde)
*swéh₂d-e-tor (thematic present)[2]
- Proto-Hellenic: *hwā́domai
  - Ancient Greek: ἥδομαι (hḗdomai)
    Boeotian Greek: ϝᾱ̔́δομαι (whā́domai)
    Doric Greek: ᾱ̔́δομαι (hā́domai)
    Aeolic Greek: ᾱ̓́δομαι (ā́domai)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swáHdatay
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swáHdatay
    - Sanskrit: स्वादते (svā́date) (once), स्वदते (svádate) (more often)
*swe-swóh₂d-e ~ *swe-suh₂d-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)[2]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἑᾱδότᾰ (heādóta)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sušúHda
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *suṣúHda
    - Sanskrit: सुषूदिम (suṣū́dima)
*suh₂-né-d-ti ~ *suh₂-n̥-d-énti (nasal-infix present)[2]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἁνδᾰ́νω (handánō)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *suHádanti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *suHádanti
    - Sanskrit: स्वदन्ति (svádanti), सुवदन्ति (suvádanti)
*suh₂d-éye-ti (zero-grade causative)[2]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *suHdáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *suHdáyati
    - Sanskrit: सूदयति (sūdáyati)
- Proto-Italic: *swādēō
  - Latin: suādeō
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: sū́dyti
*swéh₂d-mn̥ ~ *suh₂d-mén-[3]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swáHdma
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swáHdma
    - Sanskrit: स्वाद्मन् (svā́dman)
    - Sanskrit: स्वादिमन् (svādiman)
*sweh₂d-mō[3]
- Proto-Germanic:
  - Old Frisian: swētma
  - Old Swedish: søtme
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swaHdmā́
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swaHdmā́
    - Sanskrit: स्वाद्मन् (svādmán)
  - Proto-Iranian: *hwaHdmā́
    - Avestan: 𐬵𐬎𐬛𐬆𐬨𐬀‎ (hudəma)
*swéh₂d-os ~ *swéh₂d-es-[3]
- Proto-Hellenic: *hwā́dos
  - Ancient Greek: ἦδος (êdos)
    Doric Greek: ἇδος (hâdos)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swáHdas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swáHdas
    - Sanskrit: स्वाद (svāda)
    - Sanskrit: प्रस्वादस् (prásvādas)
*swéh₂d-u-s[3]
*swéh₂d-yōs[3]
*swéh₂d-isth₂o-s[3]
- Proto-Germanic: *swōtistaz
  - Old High German: swozisto
- Proto-Hellenic: *hwā́distos
  - Ancient Greek: ἥδῐστος (hḗdistos)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swáHdištʰas (see there for further descendants)
*sw(e)h₂d-ro-s[3][7]
- Proto-Tocharian: *swāre
  - Tocharian A: swār
  - Tocharian B: swāre
*sweh₂d-tó-s[3]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swaHtˢtás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swaHttás
    - Sanskrit: स्वात्त (svāttá)
  - Proto-Iranian: *xwaHctáh
    - Avestan: 𐬓𐬁𐬯𐬙𐬀‎ (xᵛāsta)
- Proto-Italic: *swāssos
  - Latin: suāsus

Unsorted formations
- Proto-Albanian: *sūadja
  - Albanian: shije
- Sanskrit: स्वादन (svā́dana)

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959), “su̯ād-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1039-1040
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*su̯eh₂d-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 606-607
Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), “*su̯eh₂d-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 670-672
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “suāvis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 594
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἥδομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 509-510
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἁνδάνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 509-100
Adams, Douglas Q. (1999), “swāre”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “su̯ād-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1039-1040

[LIV-2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*su̯eh₂d-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 606-607

[LIN-3] Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), “*su̯eh₂d-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 670-672

[4] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “suāvis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 594

[5] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἥδομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 509-510

[6] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἁνδάνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 509-100

[Adams-7] Adams, Douglas Q. (1999), “swāre”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN