< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sth₂tós
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From *steh₂- (“stand (up)”) + *-tós.
Adjective
*sth₂tós (non-ablauting)[1][2][3][4][5]
- placed, standing
Inflection
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *sth₂tós | *sth₂téh₂ | |
| genitive | *sth₂tósyo | *sth₂téh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *sth₂tós | *sth₂tóh₁ | *sth₂tóes |
| vocative | *sth₂té | *sth₂tóh₁ | *sth₂tóes |
| accusative | *sth₂tóm | *sth₂tóh₁ | *sth₂tóms |
| genitive | *sth₂tósyo | *? | *sth₂tóHom |
| ablative | *sth₂téad | *? | *sth₂tómos |
| dative | *sth₂tóey | *? | *sth₂tómos |
| locative | *sth₂téy, *sth₂tóy | *? | *sth₂tóysu |
| instrumental | *sth₂tóh₁ | *? | *sth₂tṓys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *sth₂téh₂ | *sth₂téh₂h₁(e) | *sth₂téh₂es |
| vocative | *sth₂téh₂ | *sth₂téh₂h₁(e) | *sth₂téh₂es |
| accusative | *sth₂tā́m | *sth₂téh₂h₁(e) | *sth₂téh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *sth₂téh₂s | *? | *sth₂téh₂oHom |
| ablative | *sth₂téh₂s | *? | *sth₂téh₂mos |
| dative | *sth₂téh₂ey | *? | *sth₂téh₂mos |
| locative | *sth₂téh₂, *sth₂téh₂i | *? | *sth₂téh₂su |
| instrumental | *sth₂téh₂h₁ | *? | *sth₂téh₂mis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *sth₂tóm | *sth₂tóy(h₁) | *sth₂téh₂ |
| vocative | *sth₂tóm | *sth₂tóy(h₁) | *sth₂téh₂ |
| accusative | *sth₂tóm | *sth₂tóy(h₁) | *sth₂téh₂ |
| genitive | *sth₂tósyo | *? | *sth₂tóHom |
| ablative | *sth₂téad | *? | *sth₂tómos |
| dative | *sth₂tóey | *? | *sth₂tómos |
| locative | *sth₂téy, *sth₂tóy | *? | *sth₂tóysu |
| instrumental | *sth₂tóh₁ | *? | *sth₂tṓys |
Descendants
- Proto-Albanian: *(ambhi-)stata
- Albanian: (mbë)shtet
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *stata- (“stood (up)”)[5]
- Latvian: stats (“stake, post”)
- Lithuanian: stãtas (“line of sheafs of grain in a field”)
- Proto-Germanic: *stadaz
- Proto-Hellenic: *statós[2]
- Ancient Greek: στᾰτός (statós)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stʰHtás
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stʰHtás
- Sanskrit: स्थित (sthitá)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *stʰHtás
- Proto-Italic: *statos[3] (see there for further descendants)
- Latin: status (see there for further descendants)
References
- Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “shtat”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: Investigations into the Albanian Inherited Lexicon] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7) (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 260
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “στατός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1391
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “sistō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 567
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 161
- Kim, Ronald (2018), “The Phonology of Balto-Slavic”, in Jared S. Klein, Brian Joseph, and Matthias Fritz, editors, Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook of Language Comparison and the Reconstruction of Indo-European, Berlin: de Gruyter