Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)rā́ps

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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)rā́ps

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly a Wanderwort[1] borrowed from a substrate language[2], perhaps compare Old Chinese 蘆菔 (*rābūɡ, “turnip”), Proto-Semitic *lapt- (“turnip”), Sumerian 𒇻𒂠𒊬 (LU-UB₂^ŠAR /lub/, “turnip”). Alternatively from *srebʰ- (“to sip, slurp”).[3]

Noun

*(s)rā́ps, *(s)rḗps[1] f

1. turnip, rape, cabbage

Declension

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*(s)rā́ps, *(s)rḗps
genitive	*(s)rabʰés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(s)rā́ps, *(s)rḗps	*(s)rā́bʰh₁(e)	*(s)rā́bʰes
vocative	*(s)rā́bʰ	*(s)rā́bʰh₁(e)	*(s)rā́bʰes
accusative	*(s)rā́bʰm̥	*(s)rā́bʰh₁(e)	*(s)rā́bʰm̥s
genitive	*(s)rabʰés	*?	*(s)rabʰóHom
ablative	*(s)rabʰés	*?	*(s)rabʰmós
dative	*(s)rabʰéy	*?	*(s)rabʰmós
locative	*(s)rā́bʰ, *(s)rā́bʰi	*?	*(s)rabʰsú
instrumental	*(s)rabʰéh₁	*?	*(s)rabʰmís

Derived terms

• *(s)rāp-éh₂, *(s)rēp-éh₂[4]
  • Albanian:
    • Albanian: (“turnip, radish, rape”)(or borrowed from Latin or Slavic[1][5])

      Arbëresh Albanian: rrápë f

      Gheg Albanian, Tosk Albanian: rrépë, (dialectal) repë f, rep, repi m

      Tosk Albanian: rrap m (dialectal)

  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *rāpā́ˀ, *rēpā́ˀ
    • Lithuanian: rópė (“turnip”)
    • Proto-Slavic: *rěpa (“turnip, rape”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *rēbǭ, *rēbijǭ
    • Proto-West Germanic: *rābā, *rābjā
      • Old High German: rāba, rēba
        • Middle High German: rābe, rāpe, rappe
          • Alemannic German: Räb, Räbe
  • Proto-Italic: *rāpā
    • Latin: rāpa f (“turnip”)

• *(s)rāp-ó-m[6]
  • Proto-Italic: *rāpom[6]
    • Latin: rāpum n (“turnip”)

• *(s)rāp-yéh₂
  • Proto-Germanic: *rōbijǭ
    • Proto-West Germanic: *rōbijā (“beet, turnip”) (see there for further descendants)

• *(s)rábʰ-eh₂
  • Proto-Hellenic: *rhápʰā
    • Ancient Greek: ῥάφη (rháphē, “turnip”)
      • ⇒ Ancient Greek: ῥάφανος (rháphanos, “cabbage, radish”), ῥαφάνη (rhaphánē), ῥέφανος (rhéphanos)
  • >? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(s)rábʰaH (“rhubarb”)
    • ⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(s)rabʰā́ćš ~ *(s)rabʰaćás
      • Proto-Iranian: *(h)rabā́š ~ *(h)rabacáh (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(s)rábʰnaH
      • Proto-Iranian: *(h)rábnaH
        • Yagnobi: рена (réna), ренна (rénna)

• *(s)rábʰ-u-s
  • Proto-Hellenic: *rhápʰus
    • Ancient Greek: ῥάφυς (rháphus), ῥάπυς f (rhápus, “turnip”)

• *(s)r̥bʰ-iHnó-s
  • Proto-Celtic: *arbīnos (“turnip, rape”)[1][7]
    • Old Breton: erbin
      • Breton: irvin
    • Welsh: erfin (pl.)

References

1. Pokorny, Julius (1959), “rāp-, rēp-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 852
2. Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 310
3. Morgenstierne, Georg (1973), “Chapter 22: A Vedic word in some modern Hindu Kush languages?”, in Irano-Dardica (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 5), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
4. Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006), “*rēpéhₐ-”, in The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 507
5. Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “rrép/ë,-a”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: Investigations into the Albanian Inherited Lexicon] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7) (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, pages 350-351
6. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “rāpum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 514
7. Koch, John (2004), “*arbīno-”, in English–Proto-Celtic Word-list with attested comparanda, University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies, page 273