Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sokʷós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Noun

*sokʷós m[1][2]

juice of plants
Synonym: *swokʷós

Declension

Thematic
	singular
nominative	*sokʷós
genitive	*sokʷósyo
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sokʷós	*sokʷóh₁	*sokʷóes
vocative	*sokʷé	*sokʷóh₁	*sokʷóes
accusative	*sokʷóm	*sokʷóh₁	*sokʷóms
genitive	*sokʷósyo	*?	*sokʷóHom
ablative	*sokʷéad	*?	*sokʷómos
dative	*sokʷóey	*?	*sokʷómos
locative	sokʷéy, sokʷóy	*?	*sokʷóysu
instrumental	*sokʷóh₁	*?	*sokʷṓys

Descendants

Proto-Albanian: *źak-
- Albanian: gjak (“blood”)
Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sakás (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Celtic: *sakʷos (“fir”)
- ⇒ Proto-Celtic:
  - Proto-Brythonic:
    - Welsh: sybwydd
- Gaulish: *sappos (“fir tree”)
  - → Latin: sappinus (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Hellenic: *hokʷós
- Ancient Greek: ὀπός (opós, “juice (of plants)”)
Proto-Tocharian: *sekwe (“pus”)
- Tocharian A: saku
- Tocharian B: sekwe

References

Derksen, Rick (2015), “sakai”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 386-387
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ὀπός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1093

[1] Derksen, Rick (2015), “sakai”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 386-387

[2] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ὀπός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1093