< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)kérdʰh₁eti
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From *(s)ker- (“to cut off”) + *-dʰh₁eti.[1]
Verb
*(s)kérdʰh₁eti (imperfective)[2]
- to become cut, pierced
Inflection
| Imperfective, thematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *(s)kérdʰh₁eti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *(s)kérdʰh₁onti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *(s)kérdʰh₁oh₂ | *(s)kérdʰh₁om | — | *(s)kérdʰh₁ōh₂ | *(s)kérdʰh₁oyh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *(s)kérdʰh₁esi | *(s)kérdʰh₁es | *(s)kérdʰh₁e | *(s)kérdʰh₁ēsi | *(s)kérdʰh₁oys |
| 3rd singular | *(s)kérdʰh₁eti | *(s)kérdʰh₁et | *(s)kérdʰh₁etu | *(s)kérdʰh₁ēti | *(s)kérdʰh₁oyt |
| 1st dual | *(s)kérdʰh₁owos | *(s)kérdʰh₁owe | — | *(s)kérdʰh₁ōwos | *(s)kérdʰh₁oywe |
| 2nd dual | *(s)kérdʰh₁etes | *(s)kérdʰh₁etom | *(s)kérdʰh₁etom | *(s)kérdʰh₁ētes | *(s)kérdʰh₁oytom |
| 3rd dual | *(s)kérdʰh₁etes | *(s)kérdʰh₁etām | *(s)kérdʰh₁etām | *(s)kérdʰh₁ētes | *(s)kérdʰh₁oytām |
| 1st plural | *(s)kérdʰh₁omos | *(s)kérdʰh₁ome | — | *(s)kérdʰh₁ōmos | *(s)kérdʰh₁oyme |
| 2nd plural | *(s)kérdʰh₁ete | *(s)kérdʰh₁ete | *(s)kérdʰh₁ete | *(s)kérdʰh₁ēte | *(s)kérdʰh₁oyte |
| 3rd plural | *(s)kérdʰh₁onti | *(s)kérdʰh₁ont | *(s)kérdʰh₁ontu | *(s)kérdʰh₁ōnti | *(s)kérdʰh₁oyh₁n̥t |
| Participle | *(s)kérdʰh₁onts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *(s)kérdʰh₁oh₂er | *(s)kérdʰh₁oh₂e | — | *(s)kérdʰh₁ōh₂er | *(s)kérdʰh₁oyh₂e |
| 2nd singular | *(s)kérdʰh₁eth₂er | *(s)kérdʰh₁eth₂e | *(s)kérdʰh₁eso | *(s)kérdʰh₁ēth₂er | *(s)kérdʰh₁oyth₂e |
| 3rd singular | *(s)kérdʰh₁etor | *(s)kérdʰh₁eto | *? | *(s)kérdʰh₁ētor | *(s)kérdʰh₁oyto, *(s)kérdʰh₁oyh₁o |
| 1st dual | *(s)kérdʰh₁owosdʰh₂ | *(s)kérdʰh₁owedʰh₂ | — | *(s)kérdʰh₁ōwosdʰh₂ | *(s)kérdʰh₁oywedʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *(s)kérdʰh₁omosdʰh₂ | *(s)kérdʰh₁omedʰh₂ | — | *(s)kérdʰh₁ōmosdʰh₂ | *(s)kérdʰh₁oymedʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *(s)kérdʰh₁edʰh₂we | *(s)kérdʰh₁edʰh₂we | *(s)kérdʰh₁edʰh₂we | *(s)kérdʰh₁ēdʰh₂we | *(s)kérdʰh₁oydʰh₂we |
| 3rd plural | *(s)kérdʰh₁oror, *(s)kérdʰh₁ontor | *(s)kérdʰh₁oro, *(s)kérdʰh₁onto | *? | *(s)kérdʰh₁ōror, *(s)kérdʰh₁ōntor | *(s)kérdʰh₁oyro, *(s)kérdʰh₁oyh₁n̥to |
| Participle | *(s)kérdʰh₁omnos | ||||
Derived terms
- *(s)kordʰh₁-ó-s[3]
- Proto-Germanic: *skardaz[3] (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *skardą (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *skardaz[3] (see there for further descendants)
- *(s)kr̥dʰh₁-ú-s[4]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kr̥dʰHúš (“short, crooked, defective”) (see there for further descendants)
- Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Armenian:
- Armenian: քուրջ (kʿurǰ)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *skurd-
- Old Prussian: scurdis
- Proto-Slavic: *oskъrdъ[3] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Slavic: *skordà[3]
- Russian: скорода́ (skorodá)
- Proto-Slavic: *skordà[3]
- Proto-Armenian:
Descendants
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *skerstei (“to cut, slaughter”)
- Latvian: šķērst
- Lithuanian: sker̃sti
- Proto-Celtic: *skerdeti (“to scrape off”)[5]
- Old Irish: sceirtid
References
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2.*(s)ker-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 556-557
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*skerdʰ-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 558
- Derksen, Rick (2015), “skersti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 403-404
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001), “kṛdhú-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*skerd-(y)o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 341-342