Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)keng-

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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)keng-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative forms

• *(s)kenǵ-[1]

Root

*(s)keng-[1]

1. to limp, hobble
2. to tilt, be askew

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)keng-

• *(s)kéng-e-ti (thematic present)[1]
  • Proto-Celtic: *kengeti (“to step, tread”)
    • Old Irish: cingid, ·cing
      • Irish: cinn
  • Proto-Germanic: *hinkaną
    • Proto-West Germanic: *hinkan (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *k⁽ʰ⁾ánȷ́ati
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kʰánȷ́ati
      • Sanskrit: खञ्जति (kháñjati, “to limp”)
• *(s)kn̥g-yé-ti (deponent yé-present)[1]
  • Proto-Hellenic: *skəďďō
    • Ancient Greek: σκάζω (skázō, “to limp”)
      • Greek: σκάζω (skázo)
    • ⇒ Ancient Greek: σκάζων (skázōn) (see there for further descendants)
• *(s)keng-et-s
  • Proto-Celtic: *kengets (“warrior (< one who treads)”) (see there for further descendants)
• *(s)kéng-s-mn̥
  • Proto-Celtic: *kanxsman (“step, act of stepping”) (see there for further descendants)
• *(s)kéng-ō ~ *(s)kn̥g-n-és
  • Proto-Germanic: *skinkô (“thigh, shank”)
    • Proto-West Germanic: *skinkō (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *skunkô
• *(s)kóng-ō
  • Proto-Germanic: *skankô (“that which is bent; thigh, shank”) (see there for further descendants)
• *(s)kong-os
  • Proto-Germanic: *skankaz (“askew, tilted”) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *skankijaną (“to skew, tilt, tip, pour”) (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *skankijô (“pourer of drinks”)

Unsorted formations:

• Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  • Proto-Slavic: *šęgati[2]
    • East Slavic:
      • Old East Slavic: шегати (šegati, “to make fun of”), шегавъ (šegavŭ, “giddy; fickle”)
    • South Slavic:
      • Old Church Slavonic: шѧгати (šęgati, “to joke”)
    • ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *šęga (“silliness, joke, prank”) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Germanic: *skankōną
• →? Proto-Finnic: *kenkä (“shoe”)
• →? Proto-Samic: *kieŋkē (“sole of a sledge runner or keel”)

References

1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*(s)ken⁽g̑⁾- ‘hinken’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 555
2. Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “шега”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. and suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress