Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/seǵʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*seǵʰ-[1][2]

to hold
to overpower

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *seǵʰ-

*séǵʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)
- Proto-Hellenic: *hékʰō (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sáȷ́ʰatay
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sáźʰatay
    - Sanskrit: सहते (sáhate, 3sg.med) (see there for further descendants)
*si-séǵʰ-ti ~ *si-sǵʰ-énti (reduplicated present)
- Proto-Hellenic: *hískʰō
  - Ancient Greek: ἴσχω (ískhō)
*se-sóǵʰ-e ~ *se-sǵʰ-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sasā́ȷ́ʰa
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sasā́źʰa
    - Sanskrit: ससाह (sasā́ha), ससाहे (sasā́he, 3sg.med)
*sḗǵʰ-s-t ~ *séǵʰ-s-n̥t (s-aorist)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hásāgžʰt
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hásāgẓʰt
    - Sanskrit: असाक्षि (ásākṣi)
*soǵʰ-éye-ti (causative)
- Proto-Hellenic: *hókʰeyō
  - Ancient Greek: ὀχέω (okhéō)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sāȷ́ʰáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sāźʰáyati
    - Sanskrit: साहयति (sāháyati)
*séǵʰ-os ~ *séǵʰ-es-os (“power, strength”)
*si-sǵʰ-u-s
- >? Proto-Hellenic: *hískʰús
  - Ancient Greek: ἰσχύς (iskhús) (see there for further descendants)
*séǵʰ-ti-s ~ *sǵʰ-téy-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *héksis
  - Ancient Greek: ἕξις (héxis) (see there for further descendants)
*séǵʰ-ti-ḱo-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *hektikós
  - Ancient Greek: ἑκτικός (hektikós)
*sǵʰ-éh₁?-ti-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *skʰétis
  - Ancient Greek: σχέσις (skhésis) (see there for further descendants)
*sǵʰ-éh₁-mn̥
- Proto-Hellenic: *skʰḗmə
  - Ancient Greek: σχῆμα (skhêma)
*seǵʰ-u-ro-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *hekʰurós
  - Ancient Greek: ἐχυρός (ekhurós), ὀχυρός (okhurós)
*seǵʰ-wr̥
- >? Proto-Italic: *seɣwēros
  - Latin: sevērus (“severe, serious”) (see there for further descendants)
*sǵʰ-h₁-do-m
- Proto-Hellenic: *skʰedón
  - Ancient Greek: σχεδόν (skhedón)
*sǵʰ-h₁-ro-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *skʰerós
  - Ancient Greek: σχερός (skherós)
*sǵʰ-h₃-leh₂
- Proto-Hellenic: *skʰolā́
  - Ancient Greek: σχολή (skholḗ) (see there for further descendants)
*sóǵʰ-o-s
- >? Proto-Hellenic: *hókʰos
  - Ancient Greek: ὄχος (ókhos) (unless from *wókʰos < *wóǵʰos)
*séǵʰ-tōr ~ *sǵʰ-tr-és
- Proto-Hellenic: *héktōr
  - Ancient Greek: ἕκτωρ (héktōr, “holding fast”)
  - ⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *Héktōr (personal name) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sáždʰā
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sáẓḍʰā
    - Sanskrit: साढृ (sā́ḍhṛ), साळ्हृ (sā́ḷhṛ)
*seǵʰ-h₁-tleh₂
- Proto-Hellenic: *hekʰétlā
  - Ancient Greek: ἐχέτλη (ekhétlē)
*sǵʰ-h₁-tlyo-
- Proto-Hellenic: *skʰétliyos
  - Ancient Greek: σχέτλιος (skhétlios)

References

Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*seg̑ʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 515
Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 888

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*seg̑ʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 515

[2] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 888