< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ser-
Proto-Indo-European
Root
*ser-
- to flow
Extensions
- *sr-ew-
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ser- (flow)
- *ser-o-
- Proto-Italic: *serom (“serum, whey”)
- Latin: serum (see there for further descendants)
- →? Proto-Finnic: *hera (“whey”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *serom (“serum, whey”)
- *sor-o-
- Proto-Hellenic: *horós (“serum, whey”)
- Ancient Greek: ὀρός (orós) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *horós (“serum, whey”)
- *sor-méh₂
- Proto-Hellenic: *hοrmā́
- Ancient Greek: ὁρμή (hormḗ) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *hοrmā́
- Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Sanskrit: सरित् (sarít, “river, stream”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Sanskrit: सिरा (sirā́, “stream, channel; vessel in the body”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
Root
*ser-
- to guard
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ser- (guard)
- *ser-wo-s
- Proto-Italic: *serwos (or perhaps from the sense “to bind” below)
- Latin: servus (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *serwos (or perhaps from the sense “to bind” below)
- *ser-w-eh₂-ye-ti
- Proto-Italic: *serwāō
- Latin: servō (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *serwāō
Root
*ser-[1][2][3]
- to bind, to tie together
- thread
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ser- (bind)
- *sér-e-ti (thematic root present)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sertéi
- Latvian: sẽrt[4]
- Proto-Italic: *serō
- Latin: serō (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sertéi
- *sér-ye-ti (ye-present)
- Proto-Hellenic: *héřřō
- Ancient Greek: εἴρω (eírō)
- Proto-Hellenic: *héřřō
- *sér-mn̥ ~ *sér-mō
- Proto-Hellenic: *sérmə
- Ancient Greek: ἕρμα (hérma)
- Proto-Italic: *sermō
- Latin: sermō (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *sérmə
- *sér-ti-s
- Proto-Italic: *sortis
- Latin: sors (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *sortis
- *sór-mo-s
- Proto-Armenian:
- Old Armenian: որմ (orm), որմն (ormn)
- Armenian: որմ (orm), առորմի (aṙormi)
- Old Armenian: որմ (orm), որմն (ormn)
- Proto-Hellenic: *hórmos
- Ancient Greek: ὅρμος (hórmos)
- Proto-Armenian:
- *ser-wo-s
- >? Proto-Italic: *serwos (or from the sense “to guard” above)
- Latin: servus (see there for further descendants)
- >? Proto-Italic: *serwos (or from the sense “to guard” above)
- *sor-wo-m
- Proto-Germanic: *sarwą (“equipment, armour”) (possibly)(or from the sense “to guard” above) (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gasarwiją
- Old High German: gisarawi
- Middle High German: geserwe
- Old Norse: sørvi
- Old High German: gisarawi
- ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gasarwiją
- Proto-Germanic: *sarwą (“equipment, armour”) (possibly)(or from the sense “to guard” above) (see there for further descendants)
- Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Albanian: *surmā
- Albanian: gjurmë
- Proto-Armenian:
- Old Armenian: յեռում (yeṙum), յեռեմ (yeṙem) (< յ- (y-) + *ser-s-)
- → Armenian: հեռել (heṙel) (learned)
- (?) Old Armenian: *հուռ- (*huṙ-) (< *sōr-s-)
- Armenian: հուռ (huṙ)
- (?) Old Armenian: յիրեմ (yirem) (յ- (y-) + *sēr-)
- → Armenian: հիրել (hirel) (learned)
- Old Armenian: յեռում (yeṙum), յեռեմ (yeṙem) (< յ- (y-) + *ser-s-)
- Proto-Germanic: *sarkiz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Sanskrit: सरत् (sarat)
- Sanskrit: सिरा (sirā)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Proto-Italic:
- Latin: seriēs (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Tocharian:
- Tocharian A: sar-
- Proto-Albanian: *surmā
Root
*ser-[5]
- to take, to grasp, seize
- to steal, plunder; booty
- Synonym: *klep-
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ser- (take)
- *sr̥-yé-ti (ye-present)
- Proto-Hellenic: *həřřō, ⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *həřřéyō
- Ancient Greek: αἱρέω (hairéō)
- Proto-Hellenic: *həřřō, ⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *həřřéyō
- *ser-(e-)ti (root present)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sertéi
- Latvian: sirt (“to loot”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sertéi
- *sór-u-[6]
- Proto-Anatolian: *sōru-
- Hittite: 𒊭𒀀𒊒 (sāru, “booty, plunder”)
- Proto-Anatolian: *sōru-
- *ser-weh₂-
- Proto-Celtic: *serwā (“theft, plundering”) (see there for further descendants)
See also
- *selh₁-
References
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “4. ser-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 911
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2. *ser-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 534-535
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Derksen, Rick (2015), “sērt”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 549
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “3. *ser-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 535
- Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “šāru-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 738–739