Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sek-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

*sekH-[1]
*sekh₁-[2]
*sekh₂-[3]

Root

*sek-[4]

to cut, cut off, sever
Synonym: *ḱes-

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *sek-

*sek-eh₂-yé-ti[5] or *sek-h₁-yé-ti[1][2]
- Proto-Italic: *sekajō[1][2]
  - Latin: secō (see there for further descendants)
*sk-éy-ti (*éy-present)
*h₁en-sek-[4][5]
- Proto-Celtic: *ensek-[6]
  - Middle Irish: eiscid (“cuts off”)
*sék-no-m[4]
- Proto-Italic: *seknom[7]
  - Latin: signum (see there for further descendants)
*sēk-teh₂-[4][5]
- Albanian: shat (“hoe, mattock”)
*sḗk-ti ~ *sék-n̥ti (root present)[1]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sektei[8]
  - Proto-Slavic: *sěťi (“to cut”) (see there for further descendants)
*sék-tleh₂[4]
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: secula (see there for further descendants)
*sek-ūr-
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *sekyra (“axe”)[4] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: secūris (see there for further descendants)
*sek-yeh₂-[9]
- Proto-Celtic: *sekets[6]
  - Middle Irish: seiche (“skin, hide”)
*sek-yó-m[4][9]
- Proto-Germanic: *segją (“hard skin”)[9]
  - Old Norse: sigg (see there for further descendants)
*sok-éh₂[5]
- Proto-Germanic: *sagō[5] (see there for further descendants)
*(s)ker- (perhaps)
*(s)kh₂-éy-d(H)- (perhaps)

*sek-s-

*séks-keh₂[4]
- Proto-Celtic: *sexskā, *sexskis (“rushes, sedge”)[6]
  - Proto-Brythonic:
    - Middle Breton: hesk
      - Breton: hesq
    - Cornish: heschen, hesc
    - Middle Welsh: hescenn
  - Middle Irish: seise
*séks-u-s
- Proto-Italic: *seksus
  - Latin: sexus (see there for further descendants)
*soks-ó-m[10]
- Proto-Germanic: *sahsą[10] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *saksom
  - Latin: saxum

Unsorted formations

Latin: sacēna
(possibly) Proto-Germanic: *seglą (see there for further descendants)

References

Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*sekH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 524
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page secō, -āre of 550-551
Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Pokorny, Julius (1959), “sĕk-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 895-896
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*sagō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 421
Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*sex-skā/ī-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 331
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page sīgnum
Derksen, Rick (2015), “įsėkti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 205
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*segja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*sahsa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 421

[LIV-1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*sekH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 524

[EDL_secō-2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page secō, -āre of 550-551

[3] Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[Pokorny-4] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “sĕk-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 895-896

[Kroonen_sagō-5] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*sagō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 421

[Matasovic-6] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*sex-skā/ī-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 331

[7] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page sīgnum

[8] Derksen, Rick (2015), “įsėkti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 205

[Kroonen_segja-9] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*segja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430

[Kroonen_sahsa-10] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*sahsa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 421