< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/seh₁-
See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/seh₂-
Proto-Indo-European
Root 1
*seh₁- (perfective)[1][2]
- to impress, insert
- to sow, to plant
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *seh₁- (sow)
- *seh₁y-tom[3][4]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *séiˀta
- Latvian: siêts
- Lithuanian: síetas
- Proto-Slavic: *sìto (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *séiˀta
- *séh₁-ye-ti (ye-present)[5][6][7]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sḗˀtei
- Latvian: sēt
- Lithuanian: sė́ti
- Proto-Slavic: *sě̀ti, *sě̀jati (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *sēaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sḗˀtei
- *si-sh₁-é-ti (reduplicated present)[8]
- Proto-Italic: *sizō
- Latin: serō
- Proto-Italic: *sizō
- *séh₁-mn̥ (“seed”)
- *séh₁-tis[9]
- Proto-Germanic: *sēdiz (see there for further descendants)
- *seh₁-tlóm[10]
- Balto-Slavic:
- Latvian: sēkla
- Lithuanian: sė́kla
- Proto-Germanic: *sēdlą (see there for further descendants)
- Balto-Slavic:
- *sh₁-tós
- (innovative) Proto-Germanic: *sēdą[11]
- Proto-West Germanic: *sād
- Old English: sǣd, sēd
- Middle English: seed, ceed, ceede, sed, sede, sedde, seede, seide, seod, seth, seyd, seyde, side, syd, zed; sad, sæd, sæt
- English: seed
- Scots: seed, seid, sid
- Yola: zeade
- Middle English: seed, ceed, ceede, sed, sede, sedde, seede, seide, seod, seth, seyd, seyde, side, syd, zed; sad, sæd, sæt
- Old Frisian: sēd
- Saterland Frisian: Säid
- West Frisian: sied
- Old Saxon: sād
- Middle Low German: sât
- German Low German: Saad
- Plautdietsch: Sot
- Middle Low German: sât
- Old Dutch: *sād
- Middle Dutch: sâet
- Dutch: zaad
- Afrikaans: saad
- Limburgish: zaod
- ⇒ Zealandic: zaedje
- Dutch: zaad
- Middle Dutch: sâet
- Old English: sǣd, sēd
- Old Norse: sáð
- Icelandic: sáð
- Faroese: sáð
- Norwegian: sæd
- Old Swedish: sǣþ
- Swedish: säd
- Old Danish:
- Danish: sæd
- Gutnish: sid
- Proto-West Germanic: *sād
- Italic:
- Latin: satus
- (innovative) Proto-Germanic: *sēdą[11]
- *(s)h₁es-
- Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Celtic: *sīlom (“seed”)[12]
- Old Irish: síl (see there for further descendants)
- Middle Welsh: hil
- Welsh: hil
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sáHyakas
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sáHyakas
- Sanskrit: सायक (sā́yaka, “intended or fitted to be discharged or hurled”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sáHyakas
- Proto-Celtic: *sīlom (“seed”)[12]
Root 2
*seh₁-[13][14][15]
- long, lasting
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *seh₁- (long)
- *seh₁-ros[13][14]
- Proto-Italic: *sēros
- Latin: sērus (“belated, slow”)
- ⇒ Latin: sērius[16] (possibly)
- Latin: sērus (“belated, slow”)
- Proto-Celtic: *sīros (“long”)
- Proto-Italic: *sēros
- *seh₁-tos[17]
- Proto-Italic: *sētos (possibly)
- Latin: *sētus
- ⇒ Latin: sētius (“later, to a lesser degree”)
- Latin: *sētus
- Proto-Italic: *sētos (possibly)
- *seh₁-yos[15]
- Proto-Celtic: *sēyos (“longer”)
- Proto-Brythonic:
- Old Welsh:
- Welsh: hwy
- Old Welsh:
- Old Irish: sía
- Proto-Brythonic:
- Proto-Celtic: *sēyos (“longer”)
- *sh₁ey- (i-present)
- *sh₁ey-tus[14]
- Proto-Germanic: *sīþuz (“late”)
- *sh₁i-tos[17][18] (possibly)
- Proto-Germanic: *sīdaz (“long”)
- *sh₁i-tis[17][18]
- Proto-Celtic: (possibly)
- Proto-Brythonic:
- Old Breton: hit
- Old Welsh: hit
- Middle Welsh: hyt
- Old Irish: sith-
- Proto-Brythonic:
- Proto-Celtic: (possibly)
- *sh₁ey-tus[14]
- Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Celtic: *sīniti (“to stretch, extend”)[15]
- Old Irish:
- Middle Irish: sínid
- Old Irish:
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Sanskrit: साय (sāyá, “evening”)[15]
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Proto-Celtic: *sīniti (“to stretch, extend”)[15]
References
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “sē(i)- : səi- : sī-; sē- : sə- und sei- : si-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 889-890
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*seh₁-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 517-518
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*sìto”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 451: “BSl. *séʔito”
- Derksen, Rick (2015), “sietas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 397: “BSL *séʔito”
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*sě̀ti I; *sě̀jati I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 447-448
- Derksen, Rick (2015), “sėti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 395
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 134
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “serō, -ere 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 557
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*sēdi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*sēdla-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*sēda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 429
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*sīlo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 336
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “sērus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 558
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*sīþu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 437
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*sīro-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 337
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “sērius”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 556
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “sētius”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 559
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*sīda-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 435