Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pérkus

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *perkʷ-.

Noun

*pérkus m[1]

oak

Inflection

Athematic, proterokinetic
	singular
nominative	*pérkus
genitive	*pr̥kʷéws
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*pérkus	*pérkuh₁(e)	*pérkewes
vocative	*pérku	*pérkuh₁(e)	*pérkewes
accusative	*pérkum	*pérkuh₁(e)	*pérkums
genitive	*pr̥kʷéws	*?	*pr̥kʷéwoHom
ablative	*pr̥kʷéws	*?	*pr̥kʷúmos
dative	*pr̥kʷéwey	*?	*pr̥kʷúmos
locative	pr̥kʷéw, pr̥kʷéwi	*?	*pr̥kʷúsu
instrumental	*pr̥kʷúh₁	*?	*pr̥kʷúmis

Descendants

Proto-Celtic: *kʷerkʷus
- ⇒ Proto-Celtic: *kʷerkʷernos (“oak people”)[2]
  - Celtiberian:
    - → Latin: Querquernī (ethnonym)
  - Venetic:
    - → Latin: Quarquenī (ethnonym)
- ⇒ Proto-Celtic: *kʷerxtos (“bush”)[3]
  - Proto-Brythonic: *perθ
    - Cornish: Penberth (toponym)
    - Middle Welsh: perth (“bush, hedge, thicket”)
  - Old Irish: ceirt (“apple-tree”)
Proto-Germanic: *ferhuz (“body; life; oak-tree”) (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *ferhwą (“life, essence”) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Italic: *kʷerkʷus[4]
- Latin: quercus (“oak-tree”) (see there for further descendants)

References

Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 160
Prósper, Blanca María (2014), “Sifting the evidence: New interpretations on Celtic and Non-Celtic personal names of western Hispania in the light of phonetics, composition and suffixation”, in García Alonso, Juan Luis, editor, Continental Celtic Word Formation: The Onomastic Data‎, Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca
Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*kʷerxt-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 178
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “quercus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 506

[1] Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 160

[2] Prósper, Blanca María (2014), “Sifting the evidence: New interpretations on Celtic and Non-Celtic personal names of western Hispania in the light of phonetics, composition and suffixation”, in García Alonso, Juan Luis, editor, Continental Celtic Word Formation: The Onomastic Data‎, Salamanca: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca

[Matasovic-3] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*kʷerxt-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 178

[4] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “quercus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 506