< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/péh₂sti
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
Athematic s-extended root present of *peh₂- (“to protect”).
Verb
*péh₂sti (imperfective)[1]
- to guard, to protect
- to shepherd
Inflection
| Imperfective, athematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *péh₂sti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *ph₂sénti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *péh₂smi | *péh₂sm̥ | — | *péh₂soh₂ | *ph₂syéh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *péh₂si | *péh₂s | *péh₂s, *ph₂sdʰí | *péh₂sesi | *ph₂syéh₁s |
| 3rd singular | *péh₂sti | *péh₂st | *péh₂stu | *péh₂seti | *ph₂syéh₁t |
| 1st dual | *ph₂swós | *ph₂swé | — | *péh₂sowos | *ph₂sih₁wé |
| 2nd dual | *ph₂stés | *ph₂stóm | *ph₂stóm | *péh₂setes | *ph₂sih₁tóm |
| 3rd dual | *ph₂stés | *ph₂stā́m | *ph₂stā́m | *péh₂setes | *ph₂sih₁tā́m |
| 1st plural | *ph₂smós | *ph₂smé | — | *péh₂somos | *ph₂sih₁mé |
| 2nd plural | *ph₂sté | *ph₂sté | *ph₂sté | *péh₂sete | *ph₂sih₁té |
| 3rd plural | *ph₂sénti | *ph₂sént | *ph₂séntu | *péh₂sonti | *ph₂sih₁ént |
| Participle | *ph₂sónts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *ph₂sh₂ér | *ph₂sh₂é | — | *péh₂soh₂er | *ph₂sih₁h₂é |
| 2nd singular | *ph₂sth₂ér | *ph₂sth₂é | *ph₂só | *péh₂seth₂er | *ph₂sih₁th₂é |
| 3rd singular | *ph₂stór, *ph₂sór | *ph₂stó, *ph₂só | *? | *péh₂setor | *ph₂sih₁tó, *ph₂sih₁ó |
| 1st dual | *ph₂swósdʰh₂ | *ph₂swédʰh₂ | — | *péh₂sowosdʰh₂ | *ph₂sih₁wédʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *ph₂smósdʰh₂ | *ph₂smédʰh₂ | — | *péh₂somosdʰh₂ | *ph₂sih₁médʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *ph₂sdʰh₂wé | *ph₂sdʰh₂wé | *ph₂sdʰh₂wé | *péh₂sedʰh₂we | *ph₂sih₁dʰh₂wé |
| 3rd plural | *ph₂srór, *ph₂sn̥tór | *ph₂sró, *ph₂sn̥tó | *? | *péh₂soror, *péh₂sontor | *ph₂sih₁ró, *ph₂sih₁n̥tó |
| Participle | *ph₂sm̥h₁nós | ||||
Derived terms
- *ph₂-s-néw-ti ~ *ph₂-s-nw-énti[2]
- Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒉺𒄴𒄩𒀸𒉡𒍣 (pa-aḫ-ḫa-aš-nu-zi)
- Anatolian:
- *peh₂-s-éh₁ye-ti (eh₁-stative over s-present)[3]
- Italic: *pāzēō
- Latin: pāreō
- Italic: *pāzēō
- *ph₂-sḱé-ti (*sḱé-present)[1][2] (analogically enlarged into a sḱe-present)
- Italic: *pāskō
- Latin: pāscō (“put to graze”)
- Tocharian: *pāsk-
- Tocharian A: pās- ("to look after, guard")
- Tocharian: paskenträ
- Italic: *pāskō
- *péh₂-s-tōr ~ *ph₂-s-tr-és[1][2]
- Italic: *pāstōr
- Latin: pāstor (“shepherd”)
- Italic: *pāstōr
Descendants
- Hittite: 𒉺𒄴𒊭𒊑 (pa-aḫ-ša-ri)[2]
- Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
- Slavic: *pastì (“pasture, herd, feed”)[2] (see there for further descendants)
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “pāscō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 448
- Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “paḫš-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 707
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “pāreō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 445