< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pléth₂us
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From *pleth₂- (“flat”) + *-us.
Adjective
*pléth₂us[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
- flat, broad
Inflection
Older proterokinetic pattern:
| Athematic, proterokinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *pléth₂us | *pl̥th₂éwih₂ | |
| genitive | *pl̥th₂éws | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *pléth₂us | *pléth₂uh₁(e) | *pléth₂ewes |
| vocative | *pléth₂u | *pléth₂uh₁(e) | *pléth₂ewes |
| accusative | *pléth₂um | *pléth₂uh₁(e) | *pléth₂ums |
| genitive | *pl̥th₂éws | *? | *pl̥th₂éwoHom |
| ablative | *pl̥th₂éws | *? | *pl̥th₂úmos |
| dative | *pl̥th₂éwey | *? | *pl̥th₂úmos |
| locative | *pl̥th₂éw, *pl̥th₂éwi | *? | *pl̥th₂úsu |
| instrumental | *pl̥th₂úh₁ | *? | *pl̥th₂úmis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *pl̥th₂éwih₂ | *pl̥th₂éwih₂h₁(e) | *pl̥th₂éwih₂es |
| vocative | *pl̥th₂éwih₂ | *pl̥th₂éwih₂h₁(e) | *pl̥th₂éwih₂es |
| accusative | *pl̥th₂éwih₂m̥ | *pl̥th₂éwih₂h₁(e) | *pl̥th₂éwih₂m̥s |
| genitive | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂s | *? | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂oHom |
| ablative | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂s | *? | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂mos |
| dative | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂ey | *? | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂mos |
| locative | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂, *pl̥th₂uyéh₂i | *? | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂su |
| instrumental | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂h₁ | *? | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂mis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *pléth₂u | *pléth₂wih₁ | *pléth₂uh₂ |
| vocative | *pléth₂u | *pléth₂wih₁ | *pléth₂uh₂ |
| accusative | *pléth₂u | *pléth₂wih₁ | *pléth₂uh₂ |
| genitive | *pl̥th₂éws | *? | *pl̥th₂éwoHom |
| ablative | *pl̥th₂éws | *? | *pl̥th₂úmos |
| dative | *pl̥th₂éwey | *? | *pl̥th₂úmos |
| locative | *pl̥th₂éw, *pl̥th₂éwi | *? | *pl̥th₂úsu |
| instrumental | *pl̥th₂úh₁ | *? | *pl̥th₂úmis |
Later hysterokinetic pattern:
| Athematic, hysterokinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *pl̥th₂ús | *pl̥th₂éwih₂ | |
| genitive | *pl̥th₂éws | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *pl̥th₂ús | *pl̥th₂úh₁(e) | *pl̥th₂úes |
| vocative | *pl̥th₂ú | *pl̥th₂úh₁(e) | *pl̥th₂úes |
| accusative | *pl̥th₂úm | *pl̥th₂úh₁(e) | *pl̥th₂úms |
| genitive | *pl̥th₂éws | *? | *pl̥th₂éwoHom |
| ablative | *pl̥th₂éws | *? | *pl̥th₂éwmos |
| dative | *pl̥th₂éwey | *? | *pl̥th₂éwmos |
| locative | *pl̥th₂éw, *pl̥th₂éwi | *? | *pl̥th₂éwsu |
| instrumental | *pl̥th₂éwh₁ | *? | *pl̥th₂éwmis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *pl̥th₂éwih₂ | *pl̥th₂éwih₂h₁(e) | *pl̥th₂éwih₂es |
| vocative | *pl̥th₂éwih₂ | *pl̥th₂éwih₂h₁(e) | *pl̥th₂éwih₂es |
| accusative | *pl̥th₂éwih₂m̥ | *pl̥th₂éwih₂h₁(e) | *pl̥th₂éwih₂m̥s |
| genitive | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂s | *? | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂oHom |
| ablative | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂s | *? | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂mos |
| dative | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂ey | *? | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂mos |
| locative | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂, *pl̥th₂uyéh₂i | *? | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂su |
| instrumental | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂h₁ | *? | *pl̥th₂uyéh₂mis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *pl̥th₂ú | *pl̥th₂úyh₁ | *pl̥th₂úh₂ |
| vocative | *pl̥th₂ú | *pl̥th₂úyh₁ | *pl̥th₂úh₂ |
| accusative | *pl̥th₂ú | *pl̥th₂úyh₁ | *pl̥th₂úh₂ |
| genitive | *pl̥th₂éws | *? | *pl̥th₂éwoHom |
| ablative | *pl̥th₂éws | *? | *pl̥th₂éwmos |
| dative | *pl̥th₂éwey | *? | *pl̥th₂éwmos |
| locative | *pl̥th₂éw, *pl̥th₂éwi | *? | *pl̥th₂éwsu |
| instrumental | *pl̥th₂éwh₁ | *? | *pl̥th₂éwmis |
Derived terms
- *pl̥th₂-éwih₂ (“country”, feminine substantive)
- Proto-Celtic: *ɸlitawī (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *plətawia
- Ancient Greek: Πλᾰ́ταιᾰ (Plátaia), Πλᾰταιαί (Plataiaí)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pr̥tHwíH
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pr̥tHwíH, *pr̥tʰwíH
- Sanskrit: पृथिवी (pṛthivī́), पृथ्वी (pṛthvī́)
- Proto-Iranian: *pr̥θwíH
- Younger Avestan: 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬚𐬡𐬍 (pərəθβī)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pr̥tHwíH, *pr̥tʰwíH
Descendants
- Armenian: (+ Old Armenian յ- (y-))
- Old Armenian: յաղթ (yałtʿ)
- Middle Armenian: յաղթ (yałtʿ)
- Armenian: հաղթ (hałtʿ)
- Middle Armenian: յաղթ (yałtʿ)
- Old Armenian: յաղթ (yałtʿ)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *platús (with unexpected *o-grade) (see there for further descendants)
- (perhaps) Proto-Germanic: *flataz (“flat”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *plətús
- Ancient Greek: πλᾰτύς (platús) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pr̥tʰúš (see there for further descendants)
References
- Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), “*pleth₂-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 564-566
- Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q., editors (1997) Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, pages 83, 133, 539
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “flata-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 145
- Derksen, Rick (2015), “platus”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 362
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*flitano-, *flitawī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 135
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πλατύς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1205
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “yałtʿ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 487-488