< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pléh₁dʰh₁eti
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From *pleh₁- (“to fill”) + *-dʰh₁eti.
Verb
*pléh₁dʰh₁eti (imperfective)[1]
- to become full, swell
- to increase, further
Inflection
| Imperfective, thematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *pléh₁dʰh₁eti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *pléh₁dʰh₁onti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *pléh₁dʰh₁oh₂ | *pléh₁dʰh₁om | — | *pléh₁dʰh₁ōh₂ | *pléh₁dʰh₁oyh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *pléh₁dʰh₁esi | *pléh₁dʰh₁es | *pléh₁dʰh₁e | *pléh₁dʰh₁ēsi | *pléh₁dʰh₁oys |
| 3rd singular | *pléh₁dʰh₁eti | *pléh₁dʰh₁et | *pléh₁dʰh₁etu | *pléh₁dʰh₁ēti | *pléh₁dʰh₁oyt |
| 1st dual | *pléh₁dʰh₁owos | *pléh₁dʰh₁owe | — | *pléh₁dʰh₁ōwos | *pléh₁dʰh₁oywe |
| 2nd dual | *pléh₁dʰh₁etes | *pléh₁dʰh₁etom | *pléh₁dʰh₁etom | *pléh₁dʰh₁ētes | *pléh₁dʰh₁oytom |
| 3rd dual | *pléh₁dʰh₁etes | *pléh₁dʰh₁etām | *pléh₁dʰh₁etām | *pléh₁dʰh₁ētes | *pléh₁dʰh₁oytām |
| 1st plural | *pléh₁dʰh₁omos | *pléh₁dʰh₁ome | — | *pléh₁dʰh₁ōmos | *pléh₁dʰh₁oyme |
| 2nd plural | *pléh₁dʰh₁ete | *pléh₁dʰh₁ete | *pléh₁dʰh₁ete | *pléh₁dʰh₁ēte | *pléh₁dʰh₁oyte |
| 3rd plural | *pléh₁dʰh₁onti | *pléh₁dʰh₁ont | *pléh₁dʰh₁ontu | *pléh₁dʰh₁ōnti | *pléh₁dʰh₁oyh₁n̥t |
| Participle | *pléh₁dʰh₁onts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *pléh₁dʰh₁oh₂er | *pléh₁dʰh₁oh₂e | — | *pléh₁dʰh₁ōh₂er | *pléh₁dʰh₁oyh₂e |
| 2nd singular | *pléh₁dʰh₁eth₂er | *pléh₁dʰh₁eth₂e | *pléh₁dʰh₁eso | *pléh₁dʰh₁ēth₂er | *pléh₁dʰh₁oyth₂e |
| 3rd singular | *pléh₁dʰh₁etor | *pléh₁dʰh₁eto | *? | *pléh₁dʰh₁ētor | *pléh₁dʰh₁oyto, *pléh₁dʰh₁oyh₁o |
| 1st dual | *pléh₁dʰh₁owosdʰh₂ | *pléh₁dʰh₁owedʰh₂ | — | *pléh₁dʰh₁ōwosdʰh₂ | *pléh₁dʰh₁oywedʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *pléh₁dʰh₁omosdʰh₂ | *pléh₁dʰh₁omedʰh₂ | — | *pléh₁dʰh₁ōmosdʰh₂ | *pléh₁dʰh₁oymedʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *pléh₁dʰh₁edʰh₂we | *pléh₁dʰh₁edʰh₂we | *pléh₁dʰh₁edʰh₂we | *pléh₁dʰh₁ēdʰh₂we | *pléh₁dʰh₁oydʰh₂we |
| 3rd plural | *pléh₁dʰh₁oror, *pléh₁dʰh₁ontor | *pléh₁dʰh₁oro, *pléh₁dʰh₁onto | *? | *pléh₁dʰh₁ōror, *pléh₁dʰh₁ōntor | *pléh₁dʰh₁oyro, *pléh₁dʰh₁oyh₁n̥to |
| Participle | *pléh₁dʰh₁omnos | ||||
Derived terms
- *pléh₁dʰh₁-uh₁-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *plētʰū́s
- Ancient Greek: πληθῡ́ς (plēthū́s, “crowd”)
- Proto-Italic: *plēðūs (“plebeian”)
- Old Latin: plēbēs
- Latin: plēbs
- ⇒ Proto-Italic: *plēðros
- Oscan: 𐌐𐌋𐌝𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌊𐌔 (plífriks)
- Old Latin: plēbēs
- Proto-Hellenic: *plētʰū́s
Descendants
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *práHdʰHati
- Proto-Iranian: *fráHdHati (“to increase”)[2]
- Old Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬛𐬀𐬝 (frādat̰, “to further”, prs.subj.)
- Younger Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬜𐬀𐬙𐬌 (frāδati, “to further”)
- Khwarezmian: [script needed] (šʾzy-, “to increase”)
- Proto-Iranian: *wifráHdHati (“furthered, promote”)
- Parthian:
- Manichaean: [Manichaean needed] (wyfr’ynd, 3pl.pres.act.)
- Middle Persian:
- Manichaean: [Manichaean needed] (wyprʾyd)
- Parthian:
- Old Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬛𐬀𐬝 (frādat̰, “to further”, prs.subj.)
- Proto-Iranian: *fráHdHati (“to increase”)[2]
- Proto-Hellenic: *plḗtʰō
- Ancient Greek: πλήθω (plḗthō, “to become full, swell”)
References
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*pleh₁-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 482-483
- Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*fraHd”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 86