Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/peyh₂-

< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/peyh₂-

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*peyh₂-[1][2][3]

1. to swell (with milk)

   Synonyms: *ḱewh₁-, *swelH-, *tewh₂-

2. to be swollen, fat

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peyh₂-

• *péyh₂-e-ti (thematic root present)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páyHati
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *páyHati
      • Sanskrit: पयते (payate, “to swell, fatten”)

• *péyh₂-de-ti (de-present)[1]
  • Proto-Tocharian: *päit- (“to be swollen, fat”)
    • ⇒ Proto-Tocharian: *päit-sk- (“to become swollen, fat”) (or < *péyh₂d-sḱe-ti)
      • ⇒? Tocharian B: pitke (“fat, grease, oil”)[4] (or < *päits-ko- < *péyh₂d-s[5])
    • ⇒ Proto-Tocharian: *päit-tāk
      • >? Tocharian B: pittāk (“blister, swelling”)
  • ⇒? *péyh₂d-s ~ *pih₂d-(s)-és (“pitch, resin”)
  • ⇒ *poyh₂d-o-s[1]
    • Proto-Germanic: *faitaz (“fat”) (see there for further descendants)
      • → Proto-Samic: *puojtē (see there for further descendants)

• *péyh₂-t ~ *pih₂-ént (athematic root aorist)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pīˀtei
    • Lithuanian: pýti (“to be come wet, become muddy, start to give milk”)

• *pi-póyh₂-e ~ *pi-pih₂-ḗr (i-reduplicated stative)[2]
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pipā́yHa (“to be swollen (with milk)”) (see there for further descendants)

• *pih₂-néw-ti (new-present)[2]
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *piHnáwti (“to be swollen, fat”) (see there for further descendants)

• *pih₂-tó (root athematic aorist, middle only)[2]
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *piHtá
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *piHtá
      • Sanskrit: पियान (píyāna, “full of, overflowing with”, ptc.med.)

• *péyh₂-mō ~ *pih₂-mén-s[1]
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páyHmā
    • Proto-Iranian: *páyHmā (“milk”) (see there for further descendants)
      • →? Proto-Finno-Ugric: *pejmä (“milk”)
        • Proto-Finnic: *piimä (see there for further descendants)

• *péyh₂-o-s[6]
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páyHas (“milk”) (see there for further descendants)

• *péyh₂-tu ~ *piH-téw-s (“something fattening, nourishing”)

• *péyh₂-wr̥ ~ *pih₂-wén-s (“fat; swelling”)

• *póyh₂-mn̥ ~ *pih₂-m̥nés
  • Proto-Germanic: *faimô (“maiden, girl”) (see there for further descendants)

• *poyh₂-ó-s[7]
  • Proto-Germanic: *fajaz, *fajjaz[7]
    • Dutch: vei (“fat, lush, fertile”) (dialectal)

• >? *póyh₂-h₃n̥gʷ-i-s ~ *pih₂-h₃n̥gʷ-éy-s (+ *h₃éngʷn̥ (“fat, butter”)?)
  • Proto-Italic: *pīngwis[8]
    • Latin: pinguis (“fat, greasy”) (see there for further descendants)

• *pih₂-mó-s[1][9]
  • Proto-Hellenic: *pīmós
    • Ancient Greek: πῑμελή (pīmelḗ, “soft fat, lard”) (+ -ελη (-elē)?, cf. ἀγέλη (agélē))
  • >? Proto-Italic: *pīmos
    • ⇒ Proto-Italic: *oppīmos (+ *op- (“towards”))
      • Latin: opīmus (“fat, fertile, rich”) (or < opī (“power, resources”) + -mus[10]) (see there for further descendants)

• *pih₂-nó-s, *peh₂i-nó-s[8]
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pā́ˀinas (“milk”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *piHnás
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *piHnás
      • Sanskrit: पीन (pīna, “fat, swollen”)

• *pih₂-tó-s
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *piHtás
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *piHtás
      • Sanskrit: पीत (pīta, “swollen, full”)

References

1. Pokorny, Julius (1959), “pei̯(ə)- pī̆- ,”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 793
2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *peiH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 464
3. Byrd, Andrew Miles (2015) The Indo-European Syllable (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics; 15), Leiden: Brill, page 272: “*pei̯h₂-”
4. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “pitke”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 412: “*pitk-”
5. Pan, Tao (2019), “TB pitke ‘fat, grease, oil’ and PIE *peih̯₁- ‘to be fat, be bursting with’”, in Indogermanische Forschungen, volume 124, issue 1, De Gruyter, DOI:10.1515/if-2019-0010, pages 265-278
6. Sadovski, Velizar (2017–2018), “Chapter VI: Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S.; Joseph, Brian D.; Fritz, Matthias, editor, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Iranian, page 582: “PIE *peiH-os-”
7. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*faj(j)a-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 124: “*poih₂-o-”
8. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “pinguis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 466
9. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “1188”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page πῑαρ
10. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “opīmus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 429-430