< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/perḱ-
Proto-Indo-European
Root
*perḱ-[1][2][3]
- colored
- motley
Derived terms
- *pr̥ḱ-néh₂[4]
- Proto-Germanic: *furhnō (see there for further descendants)
- *pr̥ḱ-ni-s[5]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pŕ̥ćniš
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pŕ̥śniṣ
- Sanskrit: पृश्नि (pṛ́śni)
- Proto-Iranian: *pŕ̥cniš
- Middle Persian: plš (parš, “spotted, speckled”)
- Mazanderani: برجی (barji)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pŕ̥śniṣ
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pŕ̥ćniš
- *perḱ-no-s[6]
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: περκνός (perknós)[3]
- Proto-Hellenic:
- *pr̥ḱ-nó-m[7]
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: πρακνόν (praknón)
- Proto-Hellenic:
- *perḱ-ó-s[8]
- Proto-Celtic: *ɸerkos
- Primitive Irish: ᚓᚏᚉᚐ (Erca)[9]
- Old Irish: erc
- Middle Irish: erch
- Old Irish: erc
- Primitive Irish: ᚓᚏᚉᚐ (Erca)[9]
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: *περκός (*perkós)[3]
- ⇒ Ancient Greek: περκάζω (perkázō)
- ⇒ Ancient Greek: περκαίνω (perkaínō)
- ⇒ Ancient Greek: περκόομαι (perkóomai)
- Ancient Greek: πέρκος (pérkos)
- Ancient Greek: πέρκη (pérkē)
- → Latin: perca
- Ancient Greek: περκάς (perkás)
- Ancient Greek: *περκός (*perkós)[3]
- Proto-Celtic: *ɸerkos
- *porḱ-ró-s[10]
- Proto-Italic: *porkros
- >? Latin: pulcher (see there for further descendants) (Proposed by Walde-Hoffman and Pokorny, rejected by De Vaan)
- Proto-Italic: *porkros
- *porḱ-wó-s[11]
- Proto-Germanic: *farwaz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *farwō (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *farwaz (see there for further descendants)
- Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Albanian: *priknjā
- Albanian: prënjkë
- Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: πρόξ (próx)
- Ancient Greek: πρώξ (prṓx)
- Ancient Greek: προκάς (prokás)
- Proto-Albanian: *priknjā
Further reading
- A Handbook of Germanic Etymology by Vladimír Orel
Root
*perḱ-[12][13]
- to open, rip up
- to dig
Derived terms
- *perḱ-ō~*pr̥ḱ-n-és
- Proto-Germanic: *ferhô[14]
- Old Norse: *feri
- Norwegian: fere (“ridge between two furrows”) (dialectal)
- Old Norse: *feri
- Proto-Germanic: *ferhô[14]
- *pórḱ-ono-s[15]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *párćānas
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *párśānas
- Sanskrit: पर्शान (párśāna, “chasm”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *párśānas
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *párćānas
- *pórḱ-o-s (“piglet”)[16][17][18]
- *pr̥ḱ-eh₂[19][20][21]
- Proto-Celtic: *ɸrikā (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Proto-Celtic: *enterɸrikā[22][23]
- Middle Irish: etarche
- ⇒ Proto-Celtic: *enterɸrikā[22][23]
- Proto-Italic: *porkā
- Latin: porca (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *ɸrikā (see there for further descendants)
- >? *pérḱ-s ~ *pr̥ḱ-és[24]
- Proto-Germanic: *furhs (see there for further descendants)
- Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Lithuanian: prapar̃šas (“ditch”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
References
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “perk̑-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 820
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*ferko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 128: “*perḱ-”
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “περκνός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1178
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*furhnō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 160: “*prḱ-neh₂-”
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*farwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 130: “*prḱ-ni-”
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*farwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 130: “*perḱ-no-”
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “περκνός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1178: “*pr̥ḱ-n-”
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*farwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 130: “*porḱ-uó-”
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*ferko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 128: “ERCA”
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “pulcher”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 496: “*polkro- or *pelkro-”
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*farwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 130: “*porḱ-uó-”
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “perk̑-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 821
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*frikā-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 140/141: “*perḱ-”
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*furh-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 160: “*ferhan-”
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*furh-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 160: “*pe/orḱ-ono-”
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “porcus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 481: “*pórk-o-”
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*forko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 140/141: “*porḱo-”
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*farha-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 129: “*porḱ-o-”
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*frikā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 140/141: “*pr̥keh₂”
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “porca”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 481: “*prḱ-h₂-”
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*furh-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 160: “*p(o)rḱ-eh₂-”
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*furh-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 160: “*h₁enter-prḱ-ieh₂-”
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*frikā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 140/141: “*enter-frikā”
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*furh-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 160: “*prk-”