< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pekʷ-
Proto-Indo-European
Root
*pekʷ- (imperfective)[1][2][3]
- to cook
- to ripen
Reconstruction
It has been suggested[4][5] that Hittite and Lydian terms which point to a root *pekʷ- (“to pound, crush, crack (grain)”) may preserve the original meaning of the PIE root, which later shifted in meaning to “to prepare food, cook” by the ancestor of the non-Anatolian branches.
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pekʷ-
- *pékʷ-e-ti (root present)[6][7][8][9][10][11]
- *pékʷ-ye-ti (full-grade ye-present)
- Proto-Hellenic: *péťťō (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páčyatay
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *páćyatay
- Sanskrit: पच्यते (pácyate)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *páćyatay
- *pékʷ-mn̥ ~ *pkʷ-mén-
- Proto-Hellenic: *pékʷmə
- Ancient Greek: πέμμᾰ (pémma)
- Proto-Hellenic: *pékʷmə
- *pékʷ-tis ~ *pkʷ-téy-[12]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *péktis (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *pékʷtis
- Ancient Greek: πέψῐς (pépsis)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pákti ~ *paktí
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pákti ~ *paktí
- Sanskrit: पक्ति (pákti, paktí)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pákti ~ *paktí
- Proto-Italic: *kʷektjō
- Latin: coctiō
- *pekʷ-tḗr ~ *pkʷ-trés
- Proto-Hellenic: *pekʷtēr
- Ancient Greek: πέπτρια (péptria)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *paktā́
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *paktā́
- Sanskrit: पक्तृ (paktṛ́)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *paktā́
- Proto-Hellenic: *pekʷtēr
- *pékʷ-tōr ~ *pkʷ-trés
- Proto-Italic: *kʷektōr
- Latin: coctor
- Proto-Italic: *kʷektōr
- *pókʷ-o-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *pókʷos
- Ancient Greek: ἀρτοκόπος (artokópos)
- Mycenaean Greek: 𐀀𐀵𐀡𐀦 (a-to-po-qo /artopókʷos/)
- Proto-Italic: *kʷokʷos
- Latin: coquus (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *pókʷos
- *pokʷ-tó-s[13]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *paktas (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *kʷoxtos (see there for further descendants)
- (perhaps) Proto-Hellenic: *pekʷtós
- Ancient Greek: πεπτός (peptós)
- Proto-Italic: *kʷoktos
- Latin: coctus
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *páktas
- Proto-Iranian: *páktah
- Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬗𐬙𐬀 (pacta)
- Proto-Iranian: *páktah
- Unsorted formations:
- >? Proto-Anatolian: *pekʷ-[5][4]
- Hittite:
- ⇒ Hittite: 𒉺𒀝𒆪𒍑𒃷𒍣 (pa-ak-ku-uš-kán-zi, “pound, crack, crush, grind”, impf.3pl.pres.act.)[14]
- ⇒ Hittite: 𒉺𒀝𒋗𒉿𒀭 (pa-ak-šu-wa-an /pak(kuš)šuu̯ant-/, “cracked (of grain)”)[14]
- ⇒ Hittite: 𒉺𒀝𒆪𒍑𒋗𒅈 n (pa-ak-ku-uš-šu-ar /pakkušš(u)u̯ar/, “wooden implement for crushing cereals”)[14]
- ⇒ Lydian: 𐤥𐤹𐤡𐤠𐤲𐤶𐤫𐤯 (wcbaqẽnt, “tramples upon”, 3sg.pres.ind.act.)
- Hittite:
- Indo-Iranian:
- Indo-Aryan:
- Sanskrit: पक्व (pakva) (see there for further descendants)
- Indo-Aryan:
- >? Proto-Anatolian: *pekʷ-[5][4]
References
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “1.*peku̯-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 798
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1.*peku̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 468
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πέσσω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1180-1181
- Janda, Michael (2000) Eleusis: Das indogermanische Erbe der Mysterien (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; Hauptreihe, 96), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck, pages 49–51
- Sasseville, David; Rieken, Elisabeth; Steer, Thomas (2017), “*peku̯-”, in Olav Hackstein, Jared L. Miller & Elisabeth Rieken, editors, Digital Philological-Etymological Dictionary of the Minor Ancient Anatolian Corpus Languages (eDiAna), München & Marburg
- Orel, Vladimir (1998), “pjek”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 329
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pektì”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 393
- Derksen, Rick (2015), “kepti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 237-238
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*kʷokʷ-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page page180
- Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*pač”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 286-287
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “coquō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 134
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pȇktь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 393
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pȏtъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 415
- Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “pakkušš-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 618–619