Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-né-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Infix

*-né- (oblique stem *-n-)

Forms mostly transitive imperfective verbs from perfective intransitive roots.

Usage notes

The infix is inserted into the zero grade of the root, before the final consonant, which must be a stop or laryngeal. The root must also contain a sonorant non-initially. The verb thus formed ablauts like a normal athematic verb. In the zero grade, the -n- is never syllabic, the preceding sonorant is instead.

Inflection

Imperfective, athematic
3rd singular	*-né-ti
3rd plural	*-n-énti
Active voice	Present indicative	Past indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*-né-mi	*-né-m̥	—	*-né-oh₂	*-n-yéh₁m̥
2nd singular	*-né-si	*-né-s	-né-, -n-dʰí	*-né-esi	*-n-yéh₁s
3rd singular	*-né-ti	*-né-t	*-né-tu	*-né-eti	*-n-yéh₁t
1st dual	*-n-wós	*-n-wé	—	*-né-owos	*-n-ih₁wé
2nd dual	*-n-tés	*-n-tóm	*-n-tóm	*-né-etes	*-n-ih₁tóm
3rd dual	*-n-tés	*-n-tā́m	*-n-tā́m	*-né-etes	*-n-ih₁tā́m
1st plural	*-n-mós	*-n-mé	—	*-né-omos	*-n-ih₁mé
2nd plural	*-n-té	*-n-té	*-n-té	*-né-ete	*-n-ih₁té
3rd plural	*-n-énti	*-n-ént	*-n-éntu	*-né-onti	*-n-ih₁ént

Participle	*-n-ónts
Middle voice	Present indicative	Past indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*-n-h₂ér	*-n-h₂é	—	*-né-oh₂er	*-n-ih₁h₂é
2nd singular	*-n-th₂ér	*-n-th₂é	*-n-só	*-né-eth₂er	*-n-ih₁th₂é
3rd singular	-n-tór, -n-ór	-n-tó, -n-ó	*?	*-né-etor	-n-ih₁tó, -n-ih₁ó
1st dual	*-n-wósdʰh₂	*-n-wédʰh₂	—	*-né-owosdʰh₂	*-n-ih₁wédʰh₂
2nd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
3rd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
1st plural	*-n-mósdʰh₂	*-n-médʰh₂	—	*-né-omosdʰh₂	*-n-ih₁médʰh₂
2nd plural	*-n-dʰh₂wé	*-n-dʰh₂wé	*-n-dʰh₂wé	*-né-edʰh₂we	*-n-ih₁dʰh₂wé
3rd plural	-n-rór, -n-n̥tór	-n-ró, -n-n̥tó	*?	-né-oror, -né-ontor	-n-ih₁ró, -n-ih₁n̥tó

Participle	*-n-m̥h₁nós

Derived terms