Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/nebʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*nebʰ-[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

to become damp, cloudy

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *nebʰ-

*nébʰ-eti ~ *nébʰ-onti (thematic imperfective)[2]
- Proto-Hellenic: *népʰō
  - Ancient Greek: σῠννέφει (sunnéphei), σῠννέφω (sunnéphō)
*ne-nóbʰ-e ~ *ne-mbʰ-ḗr (reduplicated stative)[2]
- Proto-Hellenic: *nenopʰa
  - Ancient Greek: σῠννένοφᾰ (sunnénopha)
*nébʰ-o-s (see there for further descendants)
*nebʰ-e-lo-s
- Proto-Germanic: *nebulō[4], *nebulaz[4], *nebalaz[5] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *nepʰélā[6]
  - Ancient Greek: νεφέλη (nephélē)
- Proto-Italic: *neβelā[7]
  - Latin: nebula (see there for further descendants)
*n̥bʰ-ró-s (see there for further descendants)
*n̥bʰ-tó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nabʰtás
  - Proto-Iranian: *nabtás
    - Avestan: 𐬥𐬀𐬞𐬙𐬀‎ (napta, “moist, wet”)
    - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (nβdk), [script needed] (nβc), [script needed] (nβdc)
    - Parthian: 𐫗𐫜𐫤‎ (nft)
    - Pashto: [script needed] (nūnd), [script needed] (nūmd)
    - Old Persian: *naftaʰ (“moist, wet”)
    - Sogdian:
      Christian: ܢܒܬܐܟ‎, ܢܒܬܟ‎
      Manichaean: Sogdian: 𐫗𐫂𐫎𐫏𐫏‎ (nβṯyy), 𐫗𐫂𐫤𐫏𐫏‎ (nβtyy)
(possibly) *nébʰ-tu-s
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: Neptūnus

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959), “enebh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 315-316
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *nebʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 448
Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), “*nebʰ-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 499-504
Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009), “nevel”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*nebala-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 386
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “νεφέλη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1012
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “nebula”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 404
Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*nab”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 276

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “enebh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 315-316

[LIV-2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1. *nebʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 448

[3] Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), “*nebʰ-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 499-504

[Philippa-4] Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009), “nevel”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press

[Kroonen-5] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*nebala-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 386

[Beekes-6] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “νεφέλη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1012

[DV-7] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “nebula”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 404

[8] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*nab”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 276