Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/múHtrom

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Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/múHtrom

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative forms

• *múHdʰlom

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly from *myewh₁- (“to move (about)”)[1], or perhaps *mewH- (“to wash”)[2] +‎ *-trom.

Noun

*múHtrom n[3][2]

1. excrement, urine
2. filth, sediment

Inflection

Thematic
	singular
nominative	*múHtrom
genitive	*múHtrosyo
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*múHtrom	*múHtroy(h₁)	*múHtreh₂
vocative	*múHtrom	*múHtroy(h₁)	*múHtreh₂
accusative	*múHtrom	*múHtroy(h₁)	*múHtreh₂
genitive	*múHtrosyo	*?	*múHtroHom
ablative	*múHtread	*?	*múHtromos
dative	*múHtroey	*?	*múHtromos
locative	*múHtrey, *múHtroy	*?	*múHtroysu
instrumental	*múHtroh₁	*?	*múHtrōys

Descendants

• Proto-Albanian: *mukta
  • Albanian: mut (“excrement”)[4]
• Proto-Celtic: *mutrom
  • Middle Irish: múr (“urine”)
• Proto-Germanic: *muþraz (“filth, sediment”) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *múHtram (“excrement, urine”) (see there for further descendants)

References

1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*mi̯eu̯h₁-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 445-447
2. Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 390
3. Pokorny, Julius (1959), “meu-, meū̯ə-: mū̌-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 741
4. Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN