< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/méǵh₂s
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Adjective
*méǵh₂s (oblique stem *m̥ǵh₂-)[1][2]
- big, great
Inflection
| Athematic, amphikinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *méǵh₂s | *méǵh₂ih₂ | |
| genitive | *m̥ǵh₂és | *m̥ǵh₂yéh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *méǵh₂s | *méǵh₂h₁(e) | *méǵh₂es |
| vocative | *méǵh₂ | *méǵh₂h₁(e) | *méǵh₂es |
| accusative | *méǵh₂m̥ | *méǵh₂h₁(e) | *méǵh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *m̥ǵh₂és | *? | *m̥ǵh₂óHom |
| ablative | *m̥ǵh₂és | *? | *m̥ǵh₂mós |
| dative | *m̥ǵh₂éy | *? | *m̥ǵh₂mós |
| locative | *méǵh₂, *méǵh₂i | *? | *m̥ǵh₂sú |
| instrumental | *m̥ǵh₂éh₁ | *? | *m̥ǵh₂mís |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *méǵh₂ih₂ | *méǵh₂ih₂h₁(e) | *méǵh₂ih₂es |
| vocative | *méǵh₂ih₂ | *méǵh₂ih₂h₁(e) | *méǵh₂ih₂es |
| accusative | *méǵh₂ih₂m̥ | *méǵh₂ih₂h₁(e) | *méǵh₂ih₂m̥s |
| genitive | *m̥ǵh₂yéh₂s | *? | *m̥ǵh₂yéh₂oHom |
| ablative | *m̥ǵh₂yéh₂s | *? | *m̥ǵh₂yéh₂mos |
| dative | *m̥ǵh₂yéh₂ey | *? | *m̥ǵh₂yéh₂mos |
| locative | *m̥ǵh₂yéh₂, *m̥ǵh₂yéh₂i | *? | *m̥ǵh₂yéh₂su |
| instrumental | *m̥ǵh₂yéh₂h₁ | *? | *m̥ǵh₂yéh₂mis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *méǵh₂ | *méǵh₂ih₁ | *méǵh₂h₂ |
| vocative | *méǵh₂ | *méǵh₂ih₁ | *méǵh₂h₂ |
| accusative | *méǵh₂ | *méǵh₂ih₁ | *méǵh₂h₂ |
| genitive | *m̥ǵh₂és | *? | *m̥ǵh₂óHom |
| ablative | *m̥ǵh₂és | *? | *m̥ǵh₂mós |
| dative | *m̥ǵh₂éy | *? | *m̥ǵh₂mós |
| locative | *méǵh₂, *méǵh₂i | *? | *m̥ǵh₂sú |
| instrumental | *m̥ǵh₂éh₁ | *? | *m̥ǵh₂mís |
Derived terms
- *méǵh₂-os ~ méǵh₂-es-
- >? Proto-Celtic: *magos (“plain, field”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *máȷ́ʰas
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *máźʰas
- Sanskrit: महस् (máhas)
- Proto-Iranian: *májah
- Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬰𐬀𐬵 (mazah)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *máźʰas
- *méǵh₂-lo-s
- Proto-Celtic: *maglos (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *mikilaz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *megalos
- Ancient Greek: μεγᾰ́λος (megálos)
- (perhaps) *meǵh₂-r- (since -ար (-ar) and -αίρω (-aírō) were both productive in their respective languages, it may not be necessary to reconstruct an *-r- stem)
- Proto-Armenian:
- Old Armenian: մեծարեմ (mecarem)
- Proto-Hellenic: *megařřō
- Ancient Greek: μεγαίρω (megaírō)
- Proto-Armenian:
- (perhaps) *m̥ǵh₂-ént-s
- Proto-Italic: *engents (see there for further descendants)
- *méǵh₂-yōs
- *m̥ǵh₂-nós
- Proto-Italic: *magnos (see there for further descendants)
- *m̥ǵh₂-tós
- Proto-Italic: *maktos (see there for further descendants)
- *méǵh₂-mn̥-to-m
- Proto-Italic: *magmentom
- Latin: magmentum
- Proto-Italic: *magmentom
- *méǵh₂-tlom
- Proto-Italic:
- Venetic: 𐌌𐌀𐌙𐌄𐌕𐌋𐌏𐌍 (magetlon)
- Proto-Italic:
Descendants
- Proto-Albanian:
- Albanian: madh[3]
- Proto-Albanian:
- Albanian: më (“more”)
- Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒈨𒂊𒅅𒆠𒅖 (me-e-ek-ki-iš, “numerous”)
- Proto-Armenian:
- Old Armenian: մեծ (mec)
- Armenian: մեծ (mec)
- Old Armenian: մեծ (mec)
- Proto-Hellenic: *mégas, *əga- (< *m̥ǵh₂-), *əgān (< *m̥ǵéh₂m)
- Ancient Greek: μέγας (mégas), ἀγα- (aga-), ἄγᾱν (ágān)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *maȷ́ʰā́ (see there for further descendants)
- Phrygian: μεκας (mekas /megas/, “great”, dat.sg./pl.)
- Proto-Tocharian: *mākā (see there for further descendants)
- →? Proto-Uralic: *mëxe (possibly via Indo-Iranian)[4] (see there for further descendants)
References
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 353
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “magnus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Schumacher, Stefan; Matzinger, Joachim (2013) Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie (Albanische Forschungen; 33) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 238
- Koivulehto, Jorma. 2009. "Etymologisesti hämäriä -(is)tA-johdosverbejä, lainoja ja omapohjaisia". Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja 92, pp. 79–102.