Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ménos

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *men- (“think, mind”) +‎ *-os.

Noun

*ménos n (oblique stem *ménes-)[1]

mind
thought

Inflection

Athematic, acrostatic
	singular
nominative	*ménos
genitive	*ménesos
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ménos	*ménesih₁	*ménōs
vocative	*ménos	*ménesih₁	*ménōs
accusative	*ménos	*ménesih₁	*ménōs
genitive	*ménesos	*?	*ménesoHom
ablative	*ménesos	*?	*ménesmos
dative	*ménesey	*?	*ménesmos
locative	ménes, ménesi	*?	*ménesu
instrumental	*ménesh₁	*?	*ménesbʰi

Derived terms

*dus-men-ḗs (“hostile”)[1]
- Indo-Iranian: *dušmánas
  - Indo-Aryan: *duṣmanā́s
    - Sanskrit: दुर्मनास् (durmanā́s)
  - Iranian: *dušmánah (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic: *dusmenḗs
  - Ancient Greek: δῠσμενής (dusmenḗs)
*h₁su-mén-es (“benevolent”)[1]
- Indo-Iranian: *Hsumánas
  - Indo-Aryan: *Hsumánas
    - Sanskrit: सुमनस् (sumánas)
  - Iranian: *Hhumánah
    - Avestan: 𐬵𐬎𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬵‎ (humanah)
    - Old Persian: [script needed] (umanah)
      - Middle Persian: [script needed] (hūman, “good mined people”)
        Persian: هومن‎ (hūman)
- Hellenic: *ehumenḗs
  - Mycenaean Greek: 𐀁𐀄𐀕𐀚 (e-u-me-ne)
  - Ancient Greek: εὐμενής (eumenḗs)
*menes-wéh₂[2]
- Italic: *menezwā
  - Faliscan: 𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌖𐌀 (menerua, nom.sg., gen.sg., dat.sg.), 𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌖𐌀𐌉 (meneruai, dat.sg.)
  - Latin: Minerva
  - Oscan: 𐌌𐌄𐌍𐌄𐌓𐌄(𐌅𐌀𐌔) (menere(vas), gen.sg.)
  - Paelignian: minerua (dat.sg.?), mineruai (dat.sg.)

Descendants

Indo-Iranian: *mánas (see there for further descendants)
Hellenic: *ménos
- Ancient Greek: μένος (ménos)

References

Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “μένος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 930-931
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “Minerva”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 380-381

[Beekes-1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “μένος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 930-931

[2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “Minerva”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 380-381