< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mey-
Proto-Indo-European
Root
*mey-[1]
- to strengthen
Derived terms
- *moy-ni-
- Italic:
- Latin: moenia, mūniō (see there for further descendants)
- Italic:
- *moy-ro-
- Proto-Germanic: *mairiją (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *moiros (see there for further descendants)
Root
*mey-[2]
- to bind
Derived terms
- *mi-tró-
- Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: μίτρα f (mítra)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mitrás m (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
Root
*mey-[3]
- to change
- to exchange
- to change places → to go past
Alternative reconstructions
- *h₂mey-, if *h₂meygʷ- (“to exchange, to wander”) (compare Ancient Greek ἀμείβω (ameíbō) and Latin migro) belongs here.
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (change)
- *h₂meygʷ- (possibly)
- *méy-e-tor
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *máyatay
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *máyatay
- Sanskrit: मयते (máyate)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *máyatay
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *máyatay
- *mi-s-dʰ(h₁)-ó-s
- *mey-eh₂
- Proto-Italic: *meā
- ⇒ Latin: meō
- Italian: meare
- Romansch: ir (within some conjugations)
- ⇒ Latin: meō
- Proto-Italic: *meā
- *meyḱ-, *meyǵ- (possibly)
- *m(e)y-t-s
- Italic:
- Latin: (trā)mes (with *terh₂-) (see there for further descendants)
- Italic:
- *mi-t-eh₂
- Proto-Italic: *sēmitā
- Latin: (sē)mita (with *swé) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *sēmitā
- *moy-teh₂
- Proto-Italic: *moitā
- ⇒ Latin: mūtō (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *moitā
- *meyth₂-
- *mi-néh₁-ti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mináHti
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mináHti
- Sanskrit: मिनाति (mināti, “to change”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mináHti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mináHti
- *mey-n-eh₂-
- Celtic:
- Old Irish: mían (“desire, inclination”)
- Celtic:
- *moy-n-eh₂
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mainā́ˀ
- Eastern Baltic:
- Latvian: maîna, maĩņa
- Proto-Slavic: *měna (see there for further descendants)
- Eastern Baltic:
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *máynaH
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *máynaH
- Sanskrit: मेना (ménā, “concubine”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *máynaH
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *mainā́ˀ
- *moy-n-éye-ti- (causative suffix)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *máinīˀtei
- Latgalian: maineitʹ
- Latvian: mainīt
- Lithuanian: mainyti
- Proto-Slavic: *měniti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *mainijaną (“to mean, think”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *máinīˀtei
- *moy-no-s
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Eastern Baltic:
- Lithuanian: maĩnas
- Eastern Baltic:
- Proto-Hellenic: *móinos
- Ancient Greek: μοῖνος (moînos)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- *moy-nos ~ *moy-nes-os
- Proto-Italic: *moinos (see there for further descendants)
- *moy-ni-
- Proto-Celtic: *moinis (“treasure, precious object”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *mainiz (“common”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *moinis
- Latin: mūnis (“ready to be of service”), mūnia (“duties, functions”)
- *ḱom-moy-ni-
- Proto-Germanic: *gamainiz (“shared, ordinary”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *kommoinis (see there for further descendants)
- *n̥-moy-ni-
- Proto-Italic: *enmoinis
- Latin: immūnis (“exempt from taxes or public service”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *enmoinis
- Unsorted formations:
- Balto-Slavic:
- Latgalian: meitʹ (“to exchange”)
- Latgalian: meja (“change”)
- Lithuanian: mît (“to exchange”)
- Proto-Slavic: *mimo (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Slavic: *minǫti (“to pass”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Slavic: *mito (“turn, twist, arc”)
- ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *mitě (“in turn, following, alternately”) (see there for further descendants)
- Celtic:
- Middle Welsh: tremyn (“to go past”)
- Balto-Slavic:
Root
*mey-[4][5]
- small, little
Alternative reconstructions
- *meyh₁-[6]
- See also *smey-, whence Latin mīca, Ancient Greek σμικρός (smikrós)/ μικρός (mikrós), English smicker.
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *mey- (small)
- *mi-néh₁-ti ~ *mi-nh₁-énti[7]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mináHti
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mináHti
- Sanskrit: मिनाति (minā́ti, “he damages, diminishes”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mináHti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mináHti
- *mi-néw-ti ~ *mi-nw-énti[8][9]
- Proto-Celtic:
- Proto-Brythonic:
- Cornish: minow
- Proto-Brythonic:
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mináwti
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mináwti
- Sanskrit: मिनोति (minóti)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mináwti
- Proto-Italic: *minwō
- Latin: minuō
- *mi-nu-yṓs ~ *mi-nw-is-és (“smaller, less”, comparative) (with *n from the verb)
- Proto-Germanic: *minniz, *minnizô (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic:
- *mi-nṓs (“smaller, less”, comparative) (with *n from the verb)
- Proto-Italic: *minōs, *minos
- Latin: minor, minus
- Proto-Italic: *minōs, *minos
- Unsorted formations:
- Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒈠𒉌𒅔𒆪𒉿𒀭𒋼𒌍 (maninkuwantes, “short”).
- Balto-Slavic:
- Lithuanian: menkas (“negligible”)
- Proto-Slavic: *mьňe, *mьňьjь (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *maiwaz (“slim, narrow”)
- Old Norse: mjór
- Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: μείων (meíōn, “less, smaller”)
- Ancient Greek: μινύθω (minúthō, “to disappear, to lessen”)
- Ancient Greek: μίνυνθα (mínuntha, “for a little while”)
- Ancient Greek: μόνος (mónos, “alone”)
- Ancient Greek: μανός (manós, “sparse”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *manā́k
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *manā́k
- Sanskrit: मनाक् (manā́k, “a little”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *manā́k
- Italic:
- Latin: minimus (“smallest”)
- Proto-Tocharian: *menke
- Tocharian A: mank
- Tocharian B: menki (“lack”)
- Proto-Tocharian:
- Tocharian B: maiwe (“small, young”)[7]
- Anatolian:
References
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 709
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 710
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 710
- Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009), “minder”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 711
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “minor, -or, -us”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 381–382
- Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 139
- Calin, Didier (2017), “to lessen”, in Dictionary of Indo-European Poetic and Religious Themes (Linguistique; 3), Les Cent Chemins, →ISBN, page 135: “*minéuti”