Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/men-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*men-[1]

to think, mind
spiritual activity

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *men- (think)

*me-mn-eh₂-sḱé-ti (thematic reduplicated *sḱe-present)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: μιμνῄσκω (mimnḗiskō)
*me-món-e ~ *me-mn-ḗr (reduplicated stative)
*mén-ye-tor (ye-present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mányatay (see there for further descendants)
*món-e ~ *mn-ḗr (root stative)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mnā́
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mnā́
    - Sanskrit: म्ना (mnā)
*mon-éye-ti (eye-causative)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mānáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mānáyati
    - Sanskrit: मानयति (mānayati)
- Proto-Italic: *moneō (see there for further descendants)
- Latgalian: maneit' (“to notice, to observe, to perceive”)
- Lithuanian: manyti (“to deem”)
- Latvian: manīt
*mn̥-éh₁-(ye)-ti
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *minḗˀtei[2][3] (see there for further descendants)
*mn-eh₂-yé-tor (thematic deponent ye-present)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: μνάομαι (mnáomai)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: म्नायते (mnāyate)
*mn̥-yé-tor (deponent ye-present)
- Proto-Celtic: *manyetor (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *məňňómai
  - Ancient Greek: μαίνομαι (maínomai)
*mn-eh₂-mō
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: μνήμων (mnḗmōn)
*mn̥-tó-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *mətós
  - Ancient Greek: (αὐτό)ματος ((autó)matos)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *matás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *matás
    - Sanskrit: मत (matá)
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: (com)mentus
*mén-tro-m
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mántram (see there for further descendants)
*mé-mn-os or *me-mn̥-wṓs[4]
- Proto-Italic: *memnos
  - Latin: memor
*mé-mn-ō
- >? Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: (θρασυ)μέμνων ((thrasu)mémnōn)
*mén-mn̥ ~ *mn̥-mén-s (“understanding”)
- Proto-Celtic: *menman (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mánman
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mánman
    - Sanskrit: मन्मन् (mánman)
*mén-os (“mind”)
*mén-ti-s ~ *mn̥-téy-s (“thought”)
*mén-tōr
- Proto-Hellenic: *méntōr
  - Ancient Greek: Μέντωρ (Méntōr)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mántā
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mántā
    - Sanskrit: मन्तृ (mantṛ́)
*men-dʰ- ~ *meh₂-dʰ? (probably neo-root of einzelsprachlich origin, re-analyzed from *mn̥(s)-dʰh₁-)
- Proto-Germanic: *mundraz (< *mn̥-dʰ-ro-)
- Proto-Germanic: *mundōną
- Proto-Hellenic: *məntʰánō or *mantʰánō (< *mn̥-n-dʰ- or *mh₂-n-dʰ-) (nasal-infix)[5]
  - Ancient Greek: μανθάνω (manthánō)
- Proto-Hellenic: *mətʰḗs or *matʰḗs (< *mn̥-dʰ-ḗs or *mh₂-dʰ-ḗs)
  - Ancient Greek: (ἀ)μᾰθής ((a)mathḗs)
- Proto-Hellenic: *mātʰḗs (< *meh₂-dʰ-ḗs)
  - Ancient Greek: (προ)μᾱθής ((pro)māthḗs), (προ)μηθής ((pro)mēthḗs)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: Μοῦσα (Moûsa) (< *mon-dʰ-ih₂) (perhaps)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *madᶻdʰáH (< *mn̥s-dʰh₁-éh₂)
- Proto-Italic: *monestrom
  - Latin: mōnstrum (< *mon-dʰ-tr-o- or *mon-s-tr-o-)?

Unsorted formations

Proto-Germanic: *minþijō
- Frankish: *minnjo
  - Old French: mignon
    - Middle French: mognon
      - English: minion
Proto-West Germanic: *muntijan (see there for further descendants)
Indo-Iranian:
- Indo-Aryan:
  - Sanskrit: मन्तु (mántu, “advisor, arbiter; counsel; mankind; understanding”)
Latin: comminīscor, reminīscor

Root

*men-[6][7][8]

to stay, remain

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *men- (stay)

*mén-e-ti (root thematic present)[6][9]
- Proto-Hellenic: *ménō
  - Ancient Greek: μένω (ménō, “to stay, remain”)
*mé-men-ti (reduplicated athematic present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mámanti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mámanti
    - Sanskrit: ममन्धि (mamandhi, “wait!”, 2sg.ipv.act.), अममन् (ámaman, “had waited”, 3sg.ipf./aor.act.), ममन्यात् (mamanyāt, “if he would miss, neglect”, 3sg.opt.act.)
*mí-men-ti ~ *mí-mn̥-nti (i-reduplicated athematic present)[6][9][10]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: μίμνω (mímnō, “to stay, remain”)
- >? Proto-Anatolian: (unlikely[11])
  - Hittite: 𒈪𒅎𒈠𒄿 (mi-im-ma-i, “to refuse, decline”, 3sg.pres.act.)
*mḗn-s-t ~ *mén-s-n̥t (s-aorist)[6]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἔμεινα (émeina, “remained”)
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: mānsī (“remained”)
*mon-éye-ti (éye-causative)[6][9]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mānáyati
  - Proto-Iranian: *mānáyati (see there for further descendants)
*m̥n-éh₁ye-ti (eh₁-stative)[6][12]
- Proto-Armenian: *menāye-[13] (or < *mn̥-h₁yé-ti ("essive")[6])
  - Old Armenian: մնամ (mnam, 1sg.pres.)
    - Armenian: մնալ (mnal)
- Proto-Italic: *mnēō, *monēō[12] (unexplained -o-)
  - Latin: maneō (see there for further descendants)
*mn̥-sḱé-ti (sḱe-present)[6][14]
- Proto-Armenian: *menāsk̑et[13]
  - Armenian: մնաց (mnacʿ, 3sg.aor.)
- (possibly) Proto-Tocharian: *mäsk- (“to reside, be”)[14]
  - Tocharian A: mäskatär
  - Tocharian B: mäsketär
*mon-éh₂
- Proto-Hellenic: *monā́
  - Ancient Greek: μονή (monḗ, “staying, detention”)
*mé-mn-ō
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: Μέμνων (Mémnōn)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Celtic: *an-men- (“patience, forbearance”)[15][9]
- Middle Welsh: anmynedd, amynedd
- Old Irish: ainmne

Root

*men-

to stand out, to tower

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *men- (stand out)

*mn̥-éh₁-ye-ti
- Proto-Italic: *menēō
  - Latin: (ē)mineō, (im)mineō, (prō)mineō (see there for further descendants)
*men-eh₂
- Proto-Italic: *menā
  - Latin: minae
*men-to-
- Proto-Italic:
  - >? Latin: mentula (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *mentom
  - Latin: mentum (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *munþaz (see there for further descendants)
*món-tis ~ *mn̥-téy-
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mátiš (< *mń̥tis)
  - Proto-Iranian: *mátiš
    - Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌‎ (maⁱti)
- Proto-Italic: *monts
  - Latin: mōns (see there for further descendants)
*mon-i-yo-
- Proto-Celtic: *moniyos (“mountain”) (see there for further descendants)
*mōn-i-yo-
- Proto-Germanic: *mōnijaz
  - Old Norse: mœnir (“ridge of a roof”)
*mōn-éye-ti
- Proto-Germanic: *mōnijaną
  - Old Norse: mœna (“to tower”)

References

De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*mьněti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 340
Derksen, Rick (2015), “minėti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 318
Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 561
Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 454A.1
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2.*men-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 437
Pokorny, Julius (1959), “men-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 729
Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006), “*men-”, in The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 227
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “μένω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 931-932
Jay Jasanoff, Hittite and the Indo-European Verb, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2003, page {{{1}}}
Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “mimma-i / mimm-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 581-582
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “maneō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 363
Martirosyan, Hrach (2013), “The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian”, in Journal of Language Relationship‎, issue 10, page 471
Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “¹mäsk-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 491-492
Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*an-men-V-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 38

[De_Vaan_2008-1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[2] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*mьněti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 340

[3] Derksen, Rick (2015), “minėti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 318

[4] Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 561

[5] Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 454A.1

[LIV_men2-6] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2.*men-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 437

[7] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “men-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 729

[8] Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006), “*men-”, in The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 227

[Beekes-9] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “μένω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 931-932

[10] Jay Jasanoff, Hittite and the Indo-European Verb, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2003, page {{{1}}}

[11] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “mimma-i / mimm-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 581-582

[DeVaan2008-12] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “maneō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 363

[Martirosyan-13] Martirosyan, Hrach (2013), “The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian”, in Journal of Language Relationship‎, issue 10, page 471

[Adams2013-14] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “¹mäsk-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 491-492

[15] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*an-men-V-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 38