Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/k⁽ʷ⁾sewd-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Possibly from *ksew- (“to scrape”).

Root

*k⁽ʷ⁾sewd-[1][2]

to crush, disperse
to disintegrate

Derived terms

*k⁽ʷ⁾séwd-e-ti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšáwdati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kṣáwdati
    - Sanskrit: क्षोदन्ति (kṣódanti, 3rd pers. pl act.), क्षोदन्ते (kṣódante, 3rd pers. pl. med.)
*k⁽ʷ⁾su-né-d-ti ~ *k⁽ʷ⁾su-n-d-énti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšunátti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kṣunátti
    - Sanskrit: क्षुणत्ति (kṣuṇatti)
*k⁽ʷ⁾sowd-éye-ti (éye-causative)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšawdáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kṣawdáyati
    - Sanskrit: अक्षोदयत् (ákṣodayat, 3rd pers. sg. imperf. act.)
*k⁽ʷ⁾sowd-ó-s
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ksaudás
  - Proto-Slavic: *xudъ (“small, thin”)[3] (see there for further descendants)
*k⁽ʷ⁾séwd-os ~ *k⁽ʷ⁾séwd-es-os
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšáwdas (see there for further descendants)
*k⁽ʷ⁾sud-ró-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšudrás (“minute, tiny; dispersed”) (see there for further descendants)
*k⁽ʷ⁾sud-tó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšutˢtás
  - Proto-Iranian: *xšustáh
    - Avestan: 𐬑𐬱𐬎𐬯𐬙𐬀‎ (xšusta, “melted”)
*k⁽ʷ⁾sud-nó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšudnás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kṣudnás
    - Sanskrit: क्षुण्ण (kṣuṇṇa)

Unsorted formations

Middle Persian: [Term?] (/šustan/), [script needed] (šwy /šōy/)
- Persian: شستن‎ (šostan)

References

Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k^(u̯)seu̯d-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 372
Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “ks.od-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 487

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k^(u̯)seu̯d-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 372

[2] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “ks.od-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[3] Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 487