< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ksnéwti
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From *kes- (“to scrape, comb”) + *-néwti.
Verb
*ksnéwti (imperfective)[1][2][3][4]
- to scrape, sharpen
Inflection
| Imperfective, athematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *ksnéwti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *ksn̥wénti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *ksnéwmi | *ksnḗm | — | *ksnéwoh₂ | *ksnuyéh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *ksnéwsi | *ksnéws | *ksnéw, *ksnudʰí | *ksnéwesi | *ksnuyéh₁s |
| 3rd singular | *ksnéwti | *ksnéwt | *ksnéwtu | *ksnéweti | *ksnuyéh₁t |
| 1st dual | *ksnuwós | *ksnuwé | — | *ksnéwowos | *ksn̥wih₁wé |
| 2nd dual | *ksnutés | *ksnutóm | *ksnutóm | *ksnéwetes | *ksn̥wih₁tóm |
| 3rd dual | *ksnutés | *ksnutā́m | *ksnutā́m | *ksnéwetes | *ksn̥wih₁tā́m |
| 1st plural | *ksnumós | *ksnumé | — | *ksnéwomos | *ksn̥wih₁mé |
| 2nd plural | *ksnuté | *ksnuté | *ksnuté | *ksnéwete | *ksn̥wih₁té |
| 3rd plural | *ksn̥wénti | *ksn̥wént | *ksn̥wéntu | *ksnéwonti | *ksn̥wih₁ént |
| Participle | *ksn̥wónts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *ksnuh₂ér | *ksnuh₂é | — | *ksnéwoh₂er | *ksn̥wih₁h₂é |
| 2nd singular | *ksnuth₂ér | *ksnuth₂é | *ksnusó | *ksnéweth₂er | *ksn̥wih₁th₂é |
| 3rd singular | *ksnutór, *ksn̥wór | *ksnutó, *ksn̥wó | *? | *ksnéwetor | *ksn̥wih₁tó, *ksn̥wih₁ó |
| 1st dual | *ksnuwósdʰh₂ | *ksnuwédʰh₂ | — | *ksnéwowosdʰh₂ | *ksn̥wih₁wédʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *ksnumósdʰh₂ | *ksnumédʰh₂ | — | *ksnéwomosdʰh₂ | *ksn̥wih₁médʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *ksnudʰh₂wé | *ksnudʰh₂wé | *ksnudʰh₂wé | *ksnéwedʰh₂we | *ksn̥wih₁dʰh₂wé |
| 3rd plural | *ksnurór, *ksn̥wn̥tór | *ksnuró, *ksn̥wn̥tó | *? | *ksnéworor, *ksnéwontor | *ksn̥wih₁ró, *ksn̥wih₁n̥tó |
| Participle | *ksn̥wm̥h₁nós | ||||
Derived terms
- *ksnew- (reanalysed root)
Descendants
- Proto-Anatolian: *ksnū́di
- Hittite: 𒆠𒅖𒉡𒊻𒍣 (ki-iš-nu-uz-zi, 3sg.pres.act.)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšnáwti (see there for further descendants)
References
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “ks-n-eu-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 585
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ksneu̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 373
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “novācula”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 414-415
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*snawwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 461