< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/krews-
Proto-Indo-European
Root
*krews-
- to freeze, become hard
Derived terms
- *krustós (“hardened”)
- Proto-Italic:
- Latin: crusta (“hard surface”)
- Proto-Italic:
- Unsorted formations
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:[1]
- Proto-Baltic:
- Latvian: kruvesis (“frozen mud”)
- >? Proto-Slavic:
- Old Ruthenian: *кра (*kra)
- ⇒ Old Ruthenian: кри́га (kríha)
- Belarusian: кры́га (krýha)
- → Polish: kryha
- Rusyn: кри́га (krýha, “ice”)
- Ukrainian: кри́га (krýha, “ice”)
- → Slovak: kryha
- → Russian: кри́га (kríga), кры́га (krýga) (dialectal)
- Belarusian: кры́га (krýha)
- ⇒ Old Ruthenian: кри́га (kríha)
- Old Ruthenian: *кра (*kra)
- Proto-Baltic:
- Proto-Germanic: *hrusǭ (“ground, crust, ice”)[2]
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Old English: hruse
- Old High German: hrosa
- Old Norse: hroðr (“scurf”)
- Proto-West Germanic:
- Proto-Hellenic:[3]
- Ancient Greek: κρύος (krúos, “cold, frost, ice”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
- Proto-Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀- (xruzdra-, “hard”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan:
- Sanskrit: क्रुड् (kruḍ, “to thicken, make hard”)
- Proto-Iranian:
- Proto-Tocharian: *kʷroscē (“cold”)[4]
- Tocharian A: kᵤraś
- Tocharian B: krośce
References
- Bulyka, A. M., editor (1997), “крига II”, in Гістарычны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Historical Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), issue 16 (коржъ – лесничанка), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka, →ISBN, page 139
- Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “krośce”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 236
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “krośce”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 236