Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kelh₂-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*kelh₂-[1]

to beat
Synonyms: *bʰew-, *dʰen-, *kewh₂-, *kret-, *meldʰ-, *pleh₂k-, *(s)kep-
to break
Synonyms: *bʰeg-, *bʰreg-, *Hrewp-, *lem-, *lewǵ-

Descendants

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *kelh₂-

*kl̥-né-h₂-ti ~ *kl̥-n-h₂-énti (athematic nasal infix present)
- Proto-Italic: *kelnō
  - ⇒ Latin: per-cellō[2]
*kleh₂-w-eh₂
- Proto-Italic: *klāwā
  - Latin: clāva (“club”)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: κλᾰ́ω (kláō)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kálˀtei (see there for further descendants)

Extensions

*kelh₂-d(H)-
- ⇒ *kl̥h₂d-é-ti (or *kl̥h₂-dʰh₁eti)
  - Proto-Celtic: *kladeti[3] (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ *kl̥h₂-d-eh₁-s
  - >? Proto-Italic: *klādēs (or from *kl̥h₂-dʰeh₁-s[4])
    - Latin: clādēs (“breaking, destruction”)
- ⇒ *kl̥-d-ó-s (with laryngeal deletion?)
  - >? Proto-Hellenic: *klə́dos (or from a separate root *keld-)
    - Ancient Greek: κλᾰ́δος (kládos, “branch, shoot”) (see there for further descendants)
*kelh₂-g-
- ⇒ *kolh₂-geh₂[5]
  - Proto-Celtic: *kolgā
    - Proto-Brythonic: *kolɣ
      - Cornish: colgh
      - Middle Welsh: coly
        Welsh: col
    - Old Irish: colg
      - Irish: colg

References

Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “kelh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 350
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “-cellō, -ere 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 105
Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 205-206
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “clādēs, -is”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 117: “PIE *kl̥h₂-dʰeh₁-”
Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 212–213

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “kelh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 350

[2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “-cellō, -ere 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 105

[3] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 205-206

[4] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “clādēs, -is”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 117: “PIE *kl̥h₂-dʰeh₁-”

[5] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 212–213