< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃er-
Proto-Indo-European
Alternative reconstructions
- *h₁or-[1]
Root
*h₃er- (perfective)[2][3][4]
- to move, to stir
- to rise, to spring
- to quarrel, fight
Extensions
- *h₃er-dʰ-
- *h₃r-ey-H-
- *h₃r-ew-
Descendants
- Proto-Tocharian: *er- (“to evoke, bring forth, produce”)[5]
- Tocharian A: ar-
- Tocharian B: er-
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃er-
- *h₃ér-t ~ *h₃r-ént (athematic perfective)
- Armenian:
- Old Armenian: յարեայ (yareay)
- Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: ὦρτο (ôrto)
- Indo-Iranian:
- Indo-Aryan:
- Sanskrit: आर्त (ārta)
- Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬎𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬎𐬎𐬁 (uzārəšuuā, 2nd.aor.impv.med.)
- Indo-Aryan:
- >? Proto-Tocharian:
- Tocharian B: ertär
- Armenian:
- *h₃r̥-sḱé-ti (sḱe-present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥sćáti
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥sćáti
- Sanskrit: ऋच्छति (ṛcchati)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥sćáti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥sćáti
- *h₃i-h₃ér-ti ~ *h₃i-h₃r-énti (reduplicated present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HiHárti
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HiHárti
- Sanskrit: इयर्ति (íyarti, iyárti)
- Proto-Iranian: *HiHárti
- Younger Avestan: 𐬍𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬏 (īratū)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HiHárti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HiHárti
- *h₃r̥-néw-ti ~ *h₃r̥-nw-énti (new-present)
- Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒅈𒉡𒊻𒍣 (ar-nu-uz-zi), 𒅈𒉡𒍣 (ar-nu-zi)
- Armenian:
- Old Armenian: յառնեմ (yaṙnem)
- Armenian: հառնել (haṙnel), արի (ari)
- Old Armenian: յառնեմ (yaṙnem)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Slavic: *rinǫti (or from *h₃ri-né-H-ti < *h₃reyH-) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *rinnaną (or from *h₃ri-né-H-ti < *h₃reyH-) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *ornūmai
- Ancient Greek: ὄρνῡμι (órnūmi)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥náwti (see there for further descendants)
- Anatolian:
- *h₃ér-os ~ *h₃ér-es-os
- Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: ὄρος (óros), οὖρος (oûros); ὦρος (ôros)
- Greek: όρος m (óros, “mountain”)
- → English: oro-
- ⇒ Italian: oro-
- Ancient Greek: ὄρος (óros), οὖρος (oûros); ὦρος (ôros)
- Hellenic:
- *h₃ér-ti-s ~ *h₃r̥-téy-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥tíš
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥tíṣ
- Sanskrit: ऋति (ṛtí)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hr̥tíṣ
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥tíš
- Unsorted formations:
- Armenian:
- Old Armenian: արմն (armn), արմ (arm)
- Armenian: արմ (arm)
- (perhaps) >? Old Armenian: արթ- (artʿ-)
- Old Armenian: արմն (armn), արմ (arm)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Slavic: *ortь (see there for further descendants)
- >? Proto-Germanic: *arniz
- ⇒? Proto-Germanic: *ernustuz (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: ὀρίνω (orínō)
- Ancient Greek: ὄρμενος (órmenos), ὅρμενος (hórmenos)
- → Latin: ormenos
- >? Ancient Greek: ἐρέθω (eréthō)
- >? Ancient Greek: ἐρίζω (erízō)
- >? Ancient Greek: ἔρις (éris)
- Greek: έριδα (érida)
- >? Ancient Greek: Ἐρινύς (Erinús)
- Greek: Ερινύς (Erinýs)
- plural: Ερινύες (Erinýes)
- → Latin: Erinys (pl. Erinyes)
- → English: Erinys, Erinyes
- Greek: Ερινύς (Erinýs)
- Italic:
- Proto-Italic: *orjōr
- Latin: orior
- Romanian: urca
- ⇒ Latin: orīgō (see there for further descendants)
- Umbrian: orto (participle perfect)
- Latin: orior
- Proto-Italic: *orjōr
- >? Proto-Tocharian: *ār-[6]
- Tocharian A: ār-
- Tocharian B: ār-
- Armenian:
References
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 326
- Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “er-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 98-99
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₃er-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 299-301
- Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*Har²”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 165-166
- Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “arnu-zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 248-249
- Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “er-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 98-99
- Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “ār”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 50