< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃ep-
Proto-Indo-European
Root
*h₃ep-
- to work, toil, make
- ability, force
Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃ep-
- *h₃ép ~ *h₃p-és
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háp
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háp
- Sanskrit: अप् (áp)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háp
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háp
- *h₃op-éh₂
- Proto-Hellenic: *opā́
- >? Mycenaean Greek: 𐀃𐀞 (o-pa) (unless < *h₃erbʰ-?)
- Proto-Hellenic: *opā́
- *h₃ép-(i)s, *h₃óp-(i)s[1]
- Proto-Italic: *opis
- Latin: ops, ⇒ cōpia
- ⇒? Oscan:
- Proto-Italic: *opis
- *h₃ép-lom[2]
- Proto-Germanic: *aflą (see there for further descendants)
- *h₃ep-en-o-
- *h₃ep-en-ont-[3]
- Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒄩𒀊𒁉𒈾𒀭𒍝 (ḫa-ap-pí-na-an-za /ḫappinanta/)
- (perhaps) Italic: *opelentos (by dissimilation of *n-*n to *l-*n)
- Latin: opulentus
- Proto-Anatolian:
- *h₃ep-en-ont-[3]
- *h₃ép-n-i-s
- Proto-Italic: *opnis
- Latin: omnis (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *opnis
- *h₃ép-n-os ~ *h₃ép-n-es
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hápnas
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hápnas
- Sanskrit: अप्नस् (ápnas)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hápnas
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hápnas
- *h₃ép-os ~ *h₃ép-es-[4]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hápas
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hápas
- Sanskrit: अपस् (ápas)
- ⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HsuHápas (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hápas
- Proto-Italic: *opos
- Latin: opus
- ⇒ Proto-Italic: *opezāō
- Latin: operor
- Oscan:
- 𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌍𐌞𐌌 (úpsannúm), 𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌍𐌖 (úpsannu, gerundive.acc.sg.m.n.)
- 𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌍𐌀𐌌 (úpsannam), 𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌍𐌀𐌌 (úpsanam, gerundive.acc.sg.f.)
- οπσανω (gerundive.acc.pl.n.)
- 𐌞𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌃 (úpsed), 𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌃 (upsed, 3s.pf.)
- 𐌖𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌍𐌔 (uupsens), 𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌄𐌍𐌔 (upsens), ουπσενς (3p.pf.)
- 𐌖𐌐𐌔𐌀𐌕𐌖𐌇 𐌔𐌄𐌍𐌕 (upsatuh sent, 3p.pf.ps.n.?)
- Paelignian: upsaseter (3s/p.ipf.sb.ps.)
- South Picene:
- ·𐌐𐌄𐌔𐌀𐌞·𐌌 (opesaúom, inf.)
- ·𐌐𐌔𐌞𐌕 (opsút), ·𐌐𐌔𐌞𐌒 (opsúq, 3s.pf.)
- Umbrian:
- osatu (3s.ipv.II)
- oset(a est), oseto (est) (3s.pf.ps.f.)
- Vestinian: ośens (3p.pf.)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hápas
- *h₃ép-r̥ ~ *h₃p-ér-[5]
- Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒄩𒀀𒀊𒈦 (ḫa-a-ap-pár /ḫāppar/)
- Proto-Anatolian:
- *h₃ép-s-tu-s
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *apstus
- Lithuanian: apstus (“rich, plentiful, abundant”)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *apstus
- Unsorted formations
- Proto-Albanian: (perhaps)
- Albanian: punë
- Armenian: (perhaps)
- Old Armenian: *աւն (*awn)
- Proto-Germanic: *abnijaną (see there for further descendants) (perhaps)
- Proto-Hellenic: (perhaps)
- >? Ancient Greek: ὄμπνη (ómpnē, “nourishment”) (most likely Pre-Greek)
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “ops”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 431
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*afla- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 2
- Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “ḫappina-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 346-347
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “opus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 432
- Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “ḫāppar-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 345-346
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 780
- Chantraine, Pierre (1968–1980), “ὄμπνη”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Paris: Klincksieck, page 800b