Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃engʷ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

*h₂engʷ-[1]

Root

*h₃engʷ-[2][3]

to smear, to anoint

Reconstruction notes

LIV reconstructs *h₂ instead of *h₃ on account of Ancient Greek -αμβος (-ambos) in θρίαμβος (thríambos) and the like. The o-grade in Latin unguō must then be analogical from Latin unguen (“fat, cream”).[1]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃engʷ-

*h₃éngʷ-e-ti (thematic root present) (perhaps)[1]
- Proto-Italic: *ongʷō
  - Latin: unguō, ungō (see there for further descendants)
*h₃n̥-né-gʷ-ti ~ *h₃n̥-n-gʷ-énti (nasal-infix present)[1]
- Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: աւծանեմ (awcanem) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hanákti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hanákti
    - Sanskrit: अनक्ति (anákti)
*h₃éngʷ-n̥ ~ *h₃n̥gʷ-én-s (“fat, butter”) (see there for further descendants)
*h₃éngʷ-os ~ *h₃éngʷ-es-os
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hánǰas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hánȷ́as
    - Sanskrit: अञ्जस् (áñjas) (see there for further descendants)

*h₃n̥gʷ-tó-s
- Balto-Slavic:[4]
  - Old Prussian: anctan (“butter”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Haktás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Haktás
    - Sanskrit: अक्त (aktá)
- Proto-Italic: *ənktos
  - Latin: unctus (see there for further descendants)

References

Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “h₂engʷ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 267
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “unguō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 641-642
Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Mažiulis, Vytautas (1988–1997), “anctan”, in Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian] (in Lithuanian), Vilnius

[LIV-1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “h₂engʷ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 267

[2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “unguō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 641-642

[3] Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[4] Mažiulis, Vytautas (1988–1997), “anctan”, in Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian] (in Lithuanian), Vilnius