Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ṓms

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

*h₁om(e)so-, *h₄om(e)so-[1], *h₁ōm(e)so-, *h₄ōm(e)so-[2]
*h₂óm-s-s ~ *h₂m-és-m̥ ~ *h₂m̥-s-ós[3]
*h₃emeso-[4]
*h₃ém-ōs ~ *h₃m̥-s-ós[5]
*h₃ems-o-[6][7]

Noun

*h₂ṓms m

shoulder

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*h₂ṓms
genitive	*h₂emés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₂ṓms	*h₂ómh₁(e)	*h₂ómes
vocative	*h₂óm	*h₂ómh₁(e)	*h₂ómes
accusative	*h₂ṓm	*h₂ómh₁(e)	*h₂ómm̥s
genitive	*h₂emés	*?	*h₂emóHom
ablative	*h₂emés	*?	*h₂emmós
dative	*h₂eméy	*?	*h₂emmós
locative	h₂ém, h₂émi	*?	*h₂emsú
instrumental	*h₂eméh₁	*?	*h₂emmís

Derived terms

*h₂ómes-o-s[8][9][4]
- Proto-Italic: *omezos[9]
  - Latin: umerus (see there for further descendants)
  - Umbrian: 𐌖𐌆𐌄 (uze), 𐌏𐌍𐌔𐌄 (onse, loc.sg.)
*h₂óms-o-s[10][11]
- Proto-Germanic: *amsaz[5][11] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hámsas[7] (see there for further descendants)
*h₂ṓms-o-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *ṓmhos
  - Ancient Greek: ὦμος (ômos)
    - Greek: ώμος (ómos)
- Proto-Tocharian: *ānse[2]
  - Tocharian A: es
  - Tocharian B: āntse

Descendants

Proto-Armenian: *u(m)s[3]
- Old Armenian: ուս (us)
  - Armenian: ուս (us)

References

Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 179
Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “āntse”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 46
Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 643
Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 43
Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ὦμος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1679-1680
Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “áṃsa-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “umerus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 640
Pokorny, Julius (1959), “om(e)so-s”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 778
Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*amsaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 17

[1] Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 179

[Adams-2] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “āntse”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 46

[Martirosyan-3] Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 643

[Sihler-4] Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 43

[Kroonen-5] Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[6] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ὦμος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1679-1680

[IAIL-7] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “áṃsa-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[8] Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi

[EDL-9] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “umerus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 640

[10] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “om(e)so-s”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 778

[HGE-11] Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*amsaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 17