Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éwis

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Pooth argues that *h₂éwis and *h₂ówis (“sheep”) are related and both from a root *h₂ew- (“dress, be dressed, clothe oneself”).[1] *h₂éwis would mean "the one who is clothed (in feathers)", and *h₂ówis "the one that produces clothing (from wool)", the latter having detransitive or middle meaning marked by *o.

Pronunciation

(Ringe 2006)[2]: IPA^(key): /ˈxew.is/, [ˈhaw.is]

Noun

*h₂éwis f[3]

bird

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*h₂éwis
genitive	*h₂uyés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₂éwis	*h₂éwih₁(e)	*h₂éweyes
vocative	*h₂éwi	*h₂éwih₁(e)	*h₂éweyes
accusative	*h₂éwim	*h₂éwih₁(e)	*h₂éwims
genitive	*h₂uyés	*?	*h₂uyóHom
ablative	*h₂uyés	*?	*h₂wimós
dative	*h₂uyéy	*?	*h₂wimós
locative	*h₂éwi	*?	*h₂wisú
instrumental	*h₂uyéh₁	*?	*h₂wimís

Descendants

Proto-Armenian:
- Old Armenian: հաւ (haw, “bird; hen”)
  - Armenian: հավ (hav), հավք (havkʿ)
  - ⇒ Old Georgian: ჰავით ზმნაჲ (havit zmnay, “fortune-telling using a chicken, bird”), ჰავის-ზმნაჲ (havis-zmnay, “sorcery, witchery”)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hwíš (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Italic: *awis[4] (see there for further descendants)

Derived terms

*h₂ōwy-ó-m (“egg”, vṛddhi-derivative)[5]
*h₂wéy-teh₂ (< genitive *h₂wéys)
- Proto-Albanian: *weitā
  - Albanian: vito, vida (“dove”)
*h₂wís-teh₂ (< s-stem)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wíštā
  - Latvian: vista (“chicken, hen”)
  - Lithuanian: višta (“chicken, hen”)
*(s)h₂wy-etó-s[4]
- Proto-Celtic: *(s)awyetos (“duck”)
  - Proto-Brythonic: *swɨad[4]
    - Breton: houat
    - Cornish: hos
    - Welsh: hwyad
  - Irish: aoi
- Proto-Hellenic: *awjetós[6]
  - Ancient Greek: *αἴϝετος (*aíwetos)[6]
    early Attic Greek: αἰετός (aietós)
    Attic Greek: ᾱ̓ετός (āetós, “eagle”)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Albanian: *sjāutā[7]
- Albanian: shotë (“big duck”)
Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: οἰωνός (oiōnós)
  - Greek: οιωνός (oionós)

References

Pooth, Roland A. (2015), “Proto-Indo-European Nominal Morphology. Part 1. The Noun”, in Language Arts 1‎
Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 14
Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 143: “*hₐewei- 'bird'”
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “avis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 65-66
Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 143: “*hₐō(w)i-om 'egg'”
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “αίετός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 35
Orel, Vladimir (1998), “shotë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 75

[1] Pooth, Roland A. (2015), “Proto-Indo-European Nominal Morphology. Part 1. The Noun”, in Language Arts 1‎

[Ringe_2006-2] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 14

[3] Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 143: “*hₐewei- 'bird'”

[DeVaan-4] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “avis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 65-66

[5] Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 143: “*hₐō(w)i-om 'egg'”

[Beekes-6] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “αίετός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 35

[7] Orel, Vladimir (1998), “shotë”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, page 75