Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂érh₃trom

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative forms

*h₂erh₃dʰlom[1][2], *h₂erh₃tlom[3]

Etymology

From *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”) +‎ *-trom.

Noun

*h₂érh₃trom n[4][3][5][6]

plough, ard

Inflection

Thematic
	singular
nominative	*h₂érh₃trom
genitive	*h₂érh₃trosyo
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₂érh₃trom	*h₂érh₃troy(h₁)	*h₂érh₃treh₂
vocative	*h₂érh₃trom	*h₂érh₃troy(h₁)	*h₂érh₃treh₂
accusative	*h₂érh₃trom	*h₂érh₃troy(h₁)	*h₂érh₃treh₂
genitive	*h₂érh₃trosyo	*?	*h₂érh₃troHom
ablative	*h₂érh₃tread	*?	*h₂érh₃tromos
dative	*h₂érh₃troey	*?	*h₂érh₃tromos
locative	h₂érh₃trey, h₂érh₃troy	*?	*h₂érh₃troysu
instrumental	*h₂érh₃troh₁	*?	*h₂érh₃trōys

Descendants

Armenian:
- Old Armenian: արաւր (arawr), հարաւր (harawr)
  - Armenian: արոր (aror)
Proto-Balto-Slavic: *árˀtla (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Celtic: *aratrom (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic: *arþrą (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Hellenic: *árotron (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Italic: *arātrom
- Latin: arātrum (see there for further descendants)

References

Collins, Daniel (2017–2018), “Chapter XIII: Slavic”, in Klein, Jared S.; Joseph, Brian D.; Fritz, Matthias, editor, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The phonology of Slavic, page 1509
Jasanoff, Jay (2017) The Prehistory of the Balto-Slavic Accent (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics; 17), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 158
Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 108
Lundquist, Jesse; Yates, Anthony D. (2017–2018), “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S.; Joseph, Brian D.; Fritz, Matthias, editor, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Proto-Indo-European, page 2095
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, 2nd edition, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 36
Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 56

[1] Collins, Daniel (2017–2018), “Chapter XIII: Slavic”, in Klein, Jared S.; Joseph, Brian D.; Fritz, Matthias, editor, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The phonology of Slavic, page 1509

[2] Jasanoff, Jay (2017) The Prehistory of the Balto-Slavic Accent (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics; 17), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 158

[Schrijver-3] Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 108

[4] Lundquist, Jesse; Yates, Anthony D. (2017–2018), “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S.; Joseph, Brian D.; Fritz, Matthias, editor, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Proto-Indo-European, page 2095

[5] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, 2nd edition, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 36

[6] Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 56