Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éngʷʰis

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction

Aspiration of the final consonant of the stem is guaranteed by Old Irish and Armenian forms.

Noun

*h₂éngʷʰis m (oblique stem *h₂n̥gʷʰéy-)

snake

Inflection

Athematic, proterokinetic
	singular
nominative	*h₂éngʷʰis
genitive	*h₂n̥gʷʰéys
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₂éngʷʰis	*h₂éngʷʰih₁(e)	*h₂éngʷʰeyes
vocative	*h₂éngʷʰi	*h₂éngʷʰih₁(e)	*h₂éngʷʰeyes
accusative	*h₂éngʷʰim	*h₂éngʷʰih₁(e)	*h₂éngʷʰims
genitive	*h₂n̥gʷʰéys	*?	*h₂n̥gʷʰéyoHom
ablative	*h₂n̥gʷʰéys	*?	*h₂n̥gʷʰímos
dative	*h₂n̥gʷʰéyey	*?	*h₂n̥gʷʰímos
locative	h₂n̥gʷʰéy, h₂n̥gʷʰḗy	*?	*h₂n̥gʷʰísu
instrumental	*h₂n̥gʷʰíh₁	*?	*h₂n̥gʷʰíbʰi

Synonyms

*h₁ógʷʰis
*néh₁tōr

Descendants

Armenian:
- Old Armenian: աւձ (awj)
  - Armenian: օձ (ōj)
- (possibly) Armenian: անգի (angi, “thin, emaciated”)
Balto-Slavic: *angi(o)s, *angi(a)s
- Old Prussian: angis
- Lithuanian: angìs
- Latvian: odze
- Slavic: *ǫžь
Celtic:
- Old Irish: escong (“eel”)
  - Irish: eascann
  - Manx: astan
  - Scottish Gaelic: easgann
- Welsh: llysywen
Italic:
- Latin: anguis
Germanic:
- Old High German: unc
  - German: Unke
Indo-Iranian: *Hánǰʰiš
- Iranian: *Hánǰiš
  - Persian: یغنیج‎ (yağnij, “grass snake”) (archaic)

References

Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q., editors (1997) Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 530