Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂élbʰit

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative forms

*(h₂)álbʰi[1], *h₂élbʰi[2], *h₁álbʰit[3]

Noun

*h₂élbʰit n[4][5]

barley

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*h₂élbʰit
genitive	*h₂l̥bʰités
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₂élbʰit	*h₂élbʰitih₁	*h₂élbʰith₂
vocative	*h₂élbʰit	*h₂élbʰitih₁	*h₂élbʰith₂
accusative	*h₂élbʰit	*h₂élbʰitih₁	*h₂élbʰith₂
genitive	*h₂l̥bʰités	*?	*h₂l̥bʰitóHom
ablative	*h₂l̥bʰités	*?	*h₂l̥bʰitmós
dative	*h₂l̥bʰitéy	*?	*h₂l̥bʰitmós
locative	h₂élbʰit, h₂élbʰiti	*?	*h₂l̥bʰitsú
instrumental	*h₂l̥bʰitéh₁	*?	*h₂l̥bʰitmís

Related terms

*h₂élbʰ-s ~ *h₂l̥bʰ-és
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥pā́ćš ~ *Hr̥paćás (+ *-ā́ćš)
  - Proto-Iranian: *Hr̥pā́š ~ *Hr̥pacáh (see there for further descendants)
    - →? Proto-Turkic: *arpa (“barley”)[6][7]

Descendants

Proto-Albanian: *albi[8][9][10]
- Albanian: elb
Proto-Hellenic: *álpʰi
- Ancient Greek: ἄλφι (álphi), ἄλφιτον (álphiton)

References

Witzel, Michael (2009), “The linguistic history of some Indian domestic plants”, in Journal of BioSciences, volume 34, issue 6, Indian Academy of Sciences, page 7
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἄλφι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 77
García Ramón, José Luis (2017–2018), “Chapter VII: Greek”, in Klein, Jared S.; Joseph, Brian D.; Fritz, Matthias, editor, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Greek, page 660
Pinault, Georges-Jean (1980), “Instrumental et adverbe predicatif (en marge de “Genetiv und Adjektiv”)”, in Lalies: actes des sessions de linguistique et de littérature (in French), volume 1, Paris: Presses de l'Ecole normale supérieure
Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006), “*h2élbhit”, in The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, pages 164-165
Vasmer, Max (1921) Studien zur albanischen Wortforschung (Acta et commentationes 34 Universitatis Dorpatensis; 1) (in German), Dorpat, page 16ff
Kretschmer, Paul (1926) Festschrift für Universitäts-prof. Hofrat Dr. Paul Kretschmer: Beiträge zur griechischen und lateinischen Sprachforschung, Deutscher Verlag für Jugend und Volk
Schumacher, Stefan; Matzinger, Joachim (2013) Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie (Albanische Forschungen; 33) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN
Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “elb,-i”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: Investigations into the Albanian Inherited Lexicon] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7) (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, pages 164-165
Orel, Vladimir (1998), “elb”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, pages 86-87

[1] Witzel, Michael (2009), “The linguistic history of some Indian domestic plants”, in Journal of BioSciences, volume 34, issue 6, Indian Academy of Sciences, page 7

[Beekes-2] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἄλφι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 77

[3] García Ramón, José Luis (2017–2018), “Chapter VII: Greek”, in Klein, Jared S.; Joseph, Brian D.; Fritz, Matthias, editor, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Greek, page 660

[4] Pinault, Georges-Jean (1980), “Instrumental et adverbe predicatif (en marge de “Genetiv und Adjektiv”)”, in Lalies: actes des sessions de linguistique et de littérature (in French), volume 1, Paris: Presses de l'Ecole normale supérieure

[5] Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q. (2006), “*h2élbhit”, in The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, pages 164-165

[6] Vasmer, Max (1921) Studien zur albanischen Wortforschung (Acta et commentationes 34 Universitatis Dorpatensis; 1) (in German), Dorpat, page 16ff

[7] Kretschmer, Paul (1926) Festschrift für Universitäts-prof. Hofrat Dr. Paul Kretschmer: Beiträge zur griechischen und lateinischen Sprachforschung, Deutscher Verlag für Jugend und Volk

[8] Schumacher, Stefan; Matzinger, Joachim (2013) Die Verben des Altalbanischen: Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie (Albanische Forschungen; 33) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN

[9] Demiraj, Bardhyl (1997), “elb,-i”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: Investigations into the Albanian Inherited Lexicon] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7) (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, pages 164-165

[10] Orel, Vladimir (1998), “elb”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Cologne: Brill, →ISBN, pages 86-87