Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂wes-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ews- and Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wes-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₂wes-[1][2][3][4][5][6]

to dwell, live, reside
to stay, spend the night

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂wes-

*h₂wés-e-ti (thematic root present)
*h₂wés-ti ~ *h₂us-énti (athematic root present)
- Hittite: 𒄷𒅖𒍣 (ḫuišzi, “to live”)[7]
*h₂(w)e-h₂wós-e ~ *h₂(w)e-h₂us-ḗr (stative)
- Proto-Germanic: *was (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HuHwā́sa
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HuHwā́sa
    - Sanskrit: उवास (uvā́sa)
  - Proto-Nuristani: *wā́sati
    - Northern Nuristani:
      - Kamkata-viri:
        Kativiri: vós-
*h₂í-h₂ews-e-ti (post-PIE reduplicated present with schwebeablaut)
- Proto-Hellenic: *iauhō
  - Ancient Greek: ἰαύω (iaúō)
*h₂wós-e-ti
- Proto-Celtic: *woseti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Tocharian:
  - Tocharian B: wäs- (“to stay, to wait”)
*h₂wés-ti-s ~ *h₂us-téy-s
- Proto-Germanic: *wistiz (“essence, nature”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: वस्ति (vasti)
(perhaps) *h₂wós-tu

Unsorted formations

Albanian:
- Proto-Albanian: *a)uaϑā
  - Albanian: vathë
Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒄷𒍑 (ḫu-uš)
- Luwian:
  Anatolian Hieroglyphs: [Anatolian Hieroglyphs needed] (hwisar, “game, wild beasts”)
Armenian:
- Old Armenian: ագանիմ (aganim, “to spend the night”), գոյ (goy, “being, existence; God”), գոմ (gom, “to exist”)
Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: ἄεσα (áesa, “to pass the night”)[8]
Proto-Italic: *Westā
- Latin: Vesta
Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit: वस्तु (vastu, “essence, substance, truth”) (relationship to *weh₁ unclear)

References

Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 293
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 531
Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 202
Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1171
Watkins, Calvert (1985), “wes-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 353-354
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἄεσα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 25

[Ringe_2006-1] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 293

[3] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 531

[4] Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 202

[5] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1171

[6] Watkins, Calvert (1985), “wes-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt

[7] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 353-354

[8] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἄεσα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 25