Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ewg-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *h₂weg-, of which the zero grade *h₂ug- was reanalysed as having the ablaut vowel before the -w- rather than after it, creating a new variant form of the root. The original root remained in use, however.

Root

*h₂ewg-

to increase, to enlarge

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ewg-

*h₂éwg-e-ti (thematic root present)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *augtei
  - Latvian: augt
  - Lithuanian: áugti
- Proto-Germanic: *aukaną (see there for further descendants)
*h₂ug-s-é-ti
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: αὐξάνω (auxánō) (or rather from *h₂weg-[1])
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hukšáti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hukṣáti
    - Sanskrit: उक्षति (ukṣáti)
*h₂owg-éye-ti ~ *h₂ewg-éye-ti (causative)[2]}}
- Proto-Italic: *augeō (with irregular change o > a) (see there for further descendants)
*h₂éwg-os ~ *h₂éwg-es-os
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háwǰas (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *augos
  - Latin: augur
*h₂ewg-os-to-s
- Proto-Italic: *augostos (see there for further descendants)
*h₂ug-ró-s (“strong, fierce”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hugrás (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Albanian:
  - Proto-Albanian: *(h)aug-
    - Albanian: ag
- Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: աճեմ (ačem)
- Proto-Celtic: *ouxselos (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *ouxs-, *uxs-
  - Old Irish: uas
- (possibly) Proto-Germanic: *auk (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hwakšáyati
  - Proto-Iranian: *Hwaxšáyati
    - Avestan: 𐬎𐬑𐬱𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬍‎ (uxšiieⁱtī, “grows”), 𐬬𐬀𐬑𐬱𐬙‎ (vaxšt, “lets grow”)
    - Middle Persian: [script needed] (waxšīdan, “to grow”)
      - Persian: وخشیدن‎ (vaxšīdan, “to wax, grow”)
- Italic:
  - Latin: auxilium (possibly from *aug-s-ili-[2])
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: augsts
  - Lithuanian: aũkštas, augestis
- →? Proto-Finnic: *kasvadak (see there for further descendants)

References

Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 258
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 278

Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 170
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “augeō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 170

[de_Vaan-2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “augeō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN