Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ew

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Adverb

*h₂ew[1][2][3][4][5]

away from, off
again

Derived terms

*h₂ew-o-[3]
- Proto-Celtic: *aw
  - Old Irish: ó, úa (“from, since”)[5]
    - Irish: ó
    - Scottish Gaelic: bho
- Proto-Albanian: *au̯e
  - Albanian: vë
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háwa (see there for further descendants)
*h₂ew-ti-[3]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: αὖτις (aûtis)
- Proto-Italic: *auti
  - Latin: aut, autem
  - Oscan: 𐌀𐌅𐌕 (avt), 𐌀𐌖𐌕 (aut)
  - Umbrian: 𐌖𐌕𐌄 (ute), 𐌏𐌕𐌄 (ote)
*h₂ew-to-[2]
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: αὐτός (autós, “self”)
- Phrygian: αυτος (autos, “self”)
*h₂ew-tyo-[6]
- Proto-Germanic: *auþijaz (“empty”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: αὔσιος (aúsios, “idle”)
- (perhaps) Proto-Italic: *autiom
  - Latin: ōtium

Descendants

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *au[4]
- Old Prussian: au- (“out of”)
- Latvian: au- (“out of”)
- Lithuanian: au- (“out of”)
- Proto-Slavic: *u (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Celtic: *aw[5]
- Welsh: o (“of”), hou (“of”)
- Old Irish: o (“of”)
Proto-Germanic: *auk (“also, furthermore”) (combined with PIE *ge) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: αὖ (aû)[2]
  - ⇒ Ancient Greek: αὖτε (aûte, “again, on the other hand, on the contrary”)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hu (zero-grade)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hu
  - Sanskrit: उ (u)
Proto-Italic:
- Latin: au- (“off”)[4]
Proto-Albanian: *awa-,
- Albanian: v-

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 73
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “αὖ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 167
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “aut”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 64
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*u”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 506
Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*aw”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 46
Kroonen, Guus (2013), “auþja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 43

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 73

[Beekes-2] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “αὖ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 167

[De_Vaan-3] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “aut”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 64

[Derksen-4] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*u”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 506

[Matasovic-5] Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*aw”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 46

[6] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “auþja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 43