Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂enǵʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

*h₂emǵʰ-[1]

Etymology

Hittite ḫamank- 'to tie' suggests that the earlier form should be reconstructed not as *h₂enǵʰ- but as *h₂emǵʰ-, which weakens the argument for a (genetic) relation to Proto-Uralic *aŋke 'painfully constricted'. Perhaps related to *h₂eng-, *h₂enk-, *h₂eḱ-

Root

*h₂enǵʰ-

to constrict, tighten, compress
narrow, tight
distressed, anxious

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂enǵʰ-

*h₂énǵʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἄγχω (ánkhō, “I compress, strangle”)
- Italic: *anɣō
  - Latin: angō (“I cause pain”)
*h₂énǵʰ-u-s ~ *h₂n̥ǵʰ-éw-s (see there for further descendants)
*h₂enǵʰ-us-t-
- Proto-Germanic: *angustiz (“narrowness, tightness, anxiety”)
- Italic:
  - Latin: angustus (“narrow, close”) (see there for further descendants)
*h₂énǵʰ-os
- Proto-Germanic: *angazaz (“worry, grief, anxiety”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἀγχοῦ (ankhoû), ἄγχι (ánkhi)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hánȷ́ʰas (see there for further descendants)
*h₂enǵʰ-s-yo-
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: ānxius
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Albanian:
  - Albanian: angësht
- Old Armenian: անձաւ (anjaw)
- Proto-Celtic: *komangus
  - Welsh: cyfyng
  - Old Irish: cumung (“narrow, tight, constricted”)

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN