Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂enk-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Perhaps related to *h₂eng-, *h₂enǵʰ-, *h₂eḱ-

Root

*h₂enk-[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

curve, bend

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂enk-

*h₂énk-ti ~ h₂n̥k-énti (root-present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háčati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háćati
    - Sanskrit: अचति (ácati), अञ्चति (áñcati) (later thematicization)
*h₂enk-os or *h₂n̥k-os
- Proto-Celtic: *ankos (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *ankos
  - Latin: ancus
*h₂énk-os ~ *h₂énk-es-os
*h₂ónk-o-s (see there for further descendants)
(perhaps) *h₂énk-tis ~ *h₂n̥k-tey- or *h₂n̥k-tós[9]
- Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: անթ (antʿ), անութ (anutʿ)
*h₂énk-ō ~ *h₂n̥k-én-s
- Proto-Germanic: *angô (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἀγκών (ankṓn)
*h₂enk-ul-os
- Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: անգղ (angł), անկղ (ankł)
    - Armenian: անգղ (angł)
- Proto-Germanic: *anhulaz
  - Old Norse: ǫ́ll, áll
- Proto-Germanic: *angulaz (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἀγκύλος (ankúlos)
*h₂énk-ul-eh₂ (“belt”)
- Proto-Germanic: *anhulō
  - Old Norse: ǫ́l, ál
- Proto-Hellenic: *ankúlā
  - Ancient Greek: ἀγκύλη (ankúlē)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HankúlaH
  - Proto-Iranian: *HankúlaH
    - Middle Persian:
      Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾnkwrʾk' /angurāg/, “finger; paw”)
      Pazend: 𐬀𐬥𐬔𐬎𐬭𐬁‎ (angurā)
      - Persian: انگول‎ (angūl, “finger (vulgar)”), انگلک‎ (angulak, “small finger; finger”)
      - Persian: انگل‎ (angal, “parasite; buttonhole”)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Hellenic:
  - >? Ancient Greek: ἄγκῡρα (ánkūra, “anchor”)
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - (perhaps) Hittite: 𒀭𒆪𒉿𒀸 (“Ankuwash, Ankara”)

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 45-46
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₂enk-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 268
Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Derksen, Rick (2015), “anka”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 56
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ǫkotь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 386
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ὄγκος 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1045
Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “angɫ₁”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 70-71
Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 84

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 45-46

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₂enk-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 268

[3] Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[4] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[5] Derksen, Rick (2015), “anka”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 56

[6] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ǫkotь”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 386

[7] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ὄγκος 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1045

[8] Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “angɫ₁”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 70-71

[9] Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 84