Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂el-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₂el- (imperfective)

to grow, nourish

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (grow)

*h₂él-e-ti (thematic root present)
*h₂ol-éye-ti (causative)
- Proto-Germanic: *aljaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *oleō
  - Latin: *oleō (found only in compounds: aboleō, adoleō etc.)
*h₂él-o-mn-o-s (mediopassive participle)
- Proto-Italic: *alomnos
  - Latin: alumnus (see there for further descendants)
*h₂el-mn̥-to-m
- Proto-Italic: *almentom
  - Latin: alimentum (see there for further descendants)
*h₂el-mos
- Proto-Italic: *almos
  - Latin: almus (see there for further descendants)
*h₂él-ti-s ~ *h₂l̥-téy-s
- Proto-Germanic: *aldiz (see there for further descendants)
*h₂el-tó-s
- Proto-Celtic: *altos (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *aldaz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *altos
  - Latin: altus (see there for further descendants)
*h₂el-dʰr-o-m or *h₂el-tr-ó-m
- Proto-Germanic: *aldrą (see there for further descendants)
*h₂el-wó-s
- Proto-Italic: *alwos (perhaps)
  - Latin: alvus (see there for further descendants)
*h₂el-i-
- Proto-Italic:
  - Latin: (ind)olēs, (pr)ōlēs
*h₂el-dʰ-
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἀλθαίνω (althaínō) ('I heal' LSJ at Perseus)

Root

*h₂el-

beyond, other

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (other)

*h₂él-yo-s
*h₂él-tero-s
*h₂el-no- ~ *h₂elnós
- Proto-Germanic: *allaz
- Proto-Italic: *alnos
  - Oscan: allo[1] (nom. sg. f.)
- Proto-Tocharian: *ālle-kä [2]
  - Tocharian A: ālak
  - Tocharian B: allek
*h₂él-eno-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háranas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háranas
    - Sanskrit: अरण (áraṇa, “foreign, distant”)
*h₂ol-s
- Proto-Italic: *ols
  - Latin: uls
*h₂ol-teros
- Proto-Italic: *olteros
  - Latin: ulter, ultrā
*h₂ol-no- ~ *h₂l̥-no-
- Proto-Albanian: *alnā
  - Albanian: lloj
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *olni (“last year”)
- Italic:
  - Latin: ollus, olle, ōlim, ille
*h₂olyos
- Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: ողջ (ołǰ)
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: aliai
- Proto-Celtic: *olyos (see there for further descendants)
Unsorted formations:
- Tocharian: [3]
  - Tocharian B: āläm
  - Tocharian B: ālo

Root

*h₂el- (imperfective)

to wander, roam

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂el- (wander)

*h₂el-éh₂-ye-ti
- Ancient Greek: ἀλάομαι (aláomai, “to wander, roam”)
- Italic: *alō
  - Latin: *alō (compound in ambulō)
*h₂l-éh₂
- Ancient Greek: ἄλη (álē, “wandering”)
Unsorted formations:
- Armenian:
  - Armenian: աղամող (ałamoł)
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: aluot (“to wander around, to get lost”)
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἀλύω (alúō, “to wander in mind, to roam”)
- Italic:
  - Latin: alucinor
- Tocharian:
  - Tocharian A: āl-
  - Tocharian B: āl- (“to keep away, check, restrain”)

References

Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
Julius Pokorny (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, in 3 volumes, Bern, München: Francke Verlag

Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*alla-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 23
Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “allek”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 30
Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 59

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*alla-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 23

[2] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “allek”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 30

[3] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 59