< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁édti
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Alternative reconstructions
- *h₁ḗdti ~ *h₁édn̥ti
Etymology
Athematic root present of the root *h₁ed-.
Verb
*h₁édti (imperfective)[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
- to eat
Inflection
| Imperfective, athematic | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3rd singular | *h₁édti | ||||
| 3rd plural | *h₁dénti | ||||
| Active voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *h₁édmi | *h₁édm̥ | — | *h₁édoh₂ | *h₁dyéh₁m̥ |
| 2nd singular | *h₁édsi | *h₁éds | *h₁éd, *h₁ddʰí | *h₁édesi | *h₁dyéh₁s |
| 3rd singular | *h₁édti | *h₁édt | *h₁édtu | *h₁édeti | *h₁dyéh₁t |
| 1st dual | *h₁dwós | *h₁dwé | — | *h₁édowos | *h₁dih₁wé |
| 2nd dual | *h₁dtés | *h₁dtóm | *h₁dtóm | *h₁édetes | *h₁dih₁tóm |
| 3rd dual | *h₁dtés | *h₁dtā́m | *h₁dtā́m | *h₁édetes | *h₁dih₁tā́m |
| 1st plural | *h₁dmós | *h₁dmé | — | *h₁édomos | *h₁dih₁mé |
| 2nd plural | *h₁dté | *h₁dté | *h₁dté | *h₁édete | *h₁dih₁té |
| 3rd plural | *h₁dénti | *h₁dént | *h₁déntu | *h₁édonti | *h₁dih₁ént |
| Participle | *h₁dónts | ||||
| Middle voice | Present indicative | Past indicative | Imperative | Subjunctive | Optative |
| 1st singular | *h₁dh₂ér | *h₁dh₂é | — | *h₁édoh₂er | *h₁dih₁h₂é |
| 2nd singular | *h₁dth₂ér | *h₁dth₂é | *h₁dsó | *h₁édeth₂er | *h₁dih₁th₂é |
| 3rd singular | *h₁dtór, *h₁dór | *h₁dtó, *h₁dó | *? | *h₁édetor | *h₁dih₁tó, *h₁dih₁ó |
| 1st dual | *h₁dwósdʰh₂ | *h₁dwédʰh₂ | — | *h₁édowosdʰh₂ | *h₁dih₁wédʰh₂ |
| 2nd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 3rd dual | *? | *? | *? | *? | *? |
| 1st plural | *h₁dmósdʰh₂ | *h₁dmédʰh₂ | — | *h₁édomosdʰh₂ | *h₁dih₁médʰh₂ |
| 2nd plural | *h₁ddʰh₂wé | *h₁ddʰh₂wé | *h₁ddʰh₂wé | *h₁édedʰh₂we | *h₁dih₁dʰh₂wé |
| 3rd plural | *h₁drór, *h₁dn̥tór | *h₁dró, *h₁dn̥tó | *? | *h₁édoror, *h₁édontor | *h₁dih₁ró, *h₁dih₁n̥tó |
| Participle | *h₁dm̥h₁nós | ||||
Descendants
- Proto-Anatolian: *ʔed- ~ *ʔd-[9] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ḗˀstei (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *essi (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *etaną (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *édō (thematic)
- Ancient Greek: ἔδω (édō)
- ⇒ Ancient Greek: ἐσθίω (esthíō), ἔσθω (ésthō)
- Greek: εσθίω (esthío) (obsolete)
- ⇒ Ancient Greek: ἐσθίω (esthíō), ἔσθω (ésthō)
- Ancient Greek: ἔδω (édō)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hátˢti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *edō (see there for further descendants)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*etan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 119
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “edō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 185-186
- Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ě̀sti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 154
- Derksen, Rick (2015), “ėsti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 157-158
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*ed-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 113
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἔδω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 375
- Mallory, J. P.; Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*h₁édmi”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 175
- Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “ed-zi / ad-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 309-311