Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁yaǵ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₁yaǵ-[1][2]

to sacrifice
to worship

Alternative reconstructions

*h₁yeh₂ǵ-[2], *Hyaǵ-[3][4], *yag-[5], *yaǵ-[6], *yeh₂ǵ-[7]

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁yaǵ-

>? *h₁iǵ-yé-ti (deponent ye-present)[4][7]
- Proto-Anatolian:
  - Luwian: (“to worship?; to make, perform”)
    Anatolian Hieroglyphs: [Term?] (/izi-/)
*h₁yáǵ-e-ti (root thematic present)[4]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyáȷ́ati (see there for further descendants)
*h₁yā́ǵ-s-t ~ h₁yáǵ-s-n̥t (s-aorist)[4]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyā́ȷ́št
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hyā́ȷ́ṣṭ
    - Sanskrit: अयाट् (áyāṭ), अयष्ट (áyaṣṭa)
*h₁yáǵ-ye-ti (ye-present)[6][8]
- Proto-Hellenic: *haďďomai
  - Ancient Greek: ἅζομαι (házomai)
- Proto-Italic: *jagjō ~ *jagjentō[6][8]
  - Latin: ieientō, ientō (“to have breakfast”) (see there for further descendants)
>? *h₁ya-né-ǵ-ti ~ h₁ya-n-ǵ-énti (nasal infix)[9]
- Proto-Tocharian:
  - Tocharian B: yāṅk- (“to be deluded; to cast a spell on, bewitch”)
*h₁yáǵ-nós
- Proto-Hellenic: *hagnós
  - Ancient Greek: ἁγνός (hagnós)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyaȷ́nás (see there for further descendants)
*h₁yáǵ-u-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyáȷ́uš
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hyáȷ́uṣ
    - Sanskrit: यजुस् (yájus, “veneration, worship, sacerdotal formula”)
*h₁yáǵ-yo-s[6]
- Proto-Hellenic: *hágijos
  - Ancient Greek: ἅγιος (hágios)
*h₁yáǵ-yu-s[6][8]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hyáȷ́yuš
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hyáȷ́yuṣ
    - Sanskrit: यज्यु (yájyu, “worshipping, devout; worthy of worship, adorable”)
- Proto-Italic: *jagjus[6][8]
  - ⇒ Proto-Italic: *jagjūnos[6][8]
    - Latin: iaiūnus, ieiūnus (“fasting, abstinent”) (see there for further descendants)

References

Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2015), “*h₁i̯ag̑-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²
Byrd, Andrew Miles (2015) The Indo-European Syllable (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics; 15), Leiden: Brill, page 264: “*h₁i̯a(h₂)g̑-”
Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, first edition, Oxford: Blackwell, pages 131, 255
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*Hi̯ag̑-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 224
Pokorny, Julius (1959), “i̯ag-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 501-502
Forssman, Bernhard (1993), “Lateinisch ieiunus und ieientare”, in Meiser, pages 95-105: “*i̯ag̑-”
Lubotsky, Alexander (1981), “Gr. pḗgnumi : Skt. pajrá- and loss of laryngeals before mediae in Indo-Iranian.”, in Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft, volume 40, page 135: “*i̯eh₂g̑-”
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “ieiūnus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 296-297
Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “yāṅk-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 526-527

[1] Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2011–2015), “*h₁i̯ag̑-”, in Addenda und Corrigenda zu LIV²

[Byrd-2] Byrd, Andrew Miles (2015) The Indo-European Syllable (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics; 15), Leiden: Brill, page 264: “*h₁i̯a(h₂)g̑-”

[3] Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, first edition, Oxford: Blackwell, pages 131, 255

[LIV-4] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*Hi̯ag̑-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 224

[5] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “i̯ag-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 501-502

[Forssman-6] Forssman, Bernhard (1993), “Lateinisch ieiunus und ieientare”, in Meiser, pages 95-105: “*i̯ag̑-”

[Lubotsky-7] Lubotsky, Alexander (1981), “Gr. pḗgnumi : Skt. pajrá- and loss of laryngeals before mediae in Indo-Iranian.”, in Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft, volume 40, page 135: “*i̯eh₂g̑-”

[EDL-8] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “ieiūnus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 296-297

[9] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “yāṅk-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 526-527