< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁sónts
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Participle
*h₁sónts
- active participle of *h₁ésti
Declension
| Athematic, hysterokinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *h₁sónts | *h₁séntih₂ | |
| genitive | *h₁sn̥tés | *h₁sn̥tyéh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₁sónts | *h₁sónth₁(e) | *h₁sóntes |
| vocative | *h₁sónt | *h₁sónth₁(e) | *h₁sóntes |
| accusative | *h₁sóntm̥ | *h₁sónth₁(e) | *h₁sóntm̥s |
| genitive | *h₁sn̥tés | *? | *h₁sn̥tóHom |
| ablative | *h₁sn̥tés | *? | *h₁sn̥tmós |
| dative | *h₁sn̥téy | *? | *h₁sn̥tmós |
| locative | *h₁sént, *h₁sénti | *? | *h₁sn̥tsú |
| instrumental | *h₁sn̥téh₁ | *? | *h₁sn̥tmís |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₁séntih₂ | *h₁séntih₂h₁(e) | *h₁séntih₂es |
| vocative | *h₁séntih₂ | *h₁séntih₂h₁(e) | *h₁séntih₂es |
| accusative | *h₁séntih₂m̥ | *h₁séntih₂h₁(e) | *h₁séntih₂m̥s |
| genitive | *h₁sn̥tyéh₂s | *? | *h₁sn̥tyéh₂oHom |
| ablative | *h₁sn̥tyéh₂s | *? | *h₁sn̥tyéh₂mos |
| dative | *h₁sn̥tyéh₂ey | *? | *h₁sn̥tyéh₂mos |
| locative | *h₁sn̥tyéh₂, *h₁sn̥tyéh₂i | *? | *h₁sn̥tyéh₂su |
| instrumental | *h₁sn̥tyéh₂h₁ | *? | *h₁sn̥tyéh₂mis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *h₁sónt | *h₁sóntih₁ | *h₁sónth₂ |
| vocative | *h₁sónt | *h₁sóntih₁ | *h₁sónth₂ |
| accusative | *h₁sónt | *h₁sóntih₁ | *h₁sónth₂ |
| genitive | *h₁sn̥tés | *? | *h₁sn̥tóHom |
| ablative | *h₁sn̥tés | *? | *h₁sn̥tmós |
| dative | *h₁sn̥téy | *? | *h₁sn̥tmós |
| locative | *h₁sént, *h₁sénti | *? | *h₁sn̥tsú |
| instrumental | *h₁sn̥téh₁ | *? | *h₁sn̥tmís |
Descendants
- Proto-Albanian: *sana
- Albanian: gjë (“thing”)
- Albanian: senë (“thing”)
- possibly Albanian: sonte (“this evening, tonight”)
- Proto-Anatolian: *ʔsṓnts (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
- Lithuanian: sañt
- Proto-Slavic: *sy (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *sonts
- Old Irish: os, as, es, is
- Middle Irish: os
- Old Irish: os, as, es, is
- Proto-Germanic: *sanþaz (“real, true”), *sundī (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *ehónts
- Ancient Greek: ἐών (eṓn), ὤν (ṓn)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hsánt
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hsánt
- Sanskrit: सत् (sát, “existing, real”)
- Proto-Iranian: *Hhánt
- Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬧𐬙 (haṇt, “existing”), 𐬵𐬀𐬝 (hat̰)
- Proto-Nuristani: *-sãtaká (“adjectival/nominal suffix”)
- Northern Nuristani:
- Kamkata-viri:
- Kamviri: -stë
- Kativiri: -stë
- Kamkata-viri:
- Southern Nuristani:
- Ashkun: -stë
- Waigali: -stë
- Northern Nuristani:
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hsánt
- Proto-Italic: *sonts
- Latin: sōns (“guilty, criminal”), (ab-sēns, prae-sēns)
Further reading
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 615