Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁reh₁-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁réh₁

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*h₁reh₁- ~ *h₁erh₁-[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

to row

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁reh₁- (row)

*h₁r̥h₁-yé-ti (ye-present)[2][3][4]
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: ir̃t
  - Lithuanian: ìrti
- Hellenic:
  - Mycenaean Greek: 𐀁𐀩𐀁 (e-re-e /ereʰen/)
*h₁roh₁-(ye-)-ti (o-grade ye-present)[2][5]
- Proto-Celtic: *rāyeti
  - Old Irish: ráïd
- Proto-Germanic: *rōaną (see there for further descendants)
*h₁reh₁-(s)-mó-s[6]
- Proto-Celtic: *rāmiyos
  - Proto-Brythonic: *rrọβ
    - Middle Breton: reuf
    - Cornish: rêv
    - Welsh: rhaw
  - Old Irish: rámae
    - Middle Irish: ráma
      - Irish: rámh, rámha
- Proto-Italic: *rē(z)mos
  - Latin: rēmus (“oar”)
*h₁reh₁-t-[4]
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἐρέτης (erétēs), ἐρετμός (eretmós), ἐρετμόν (eretmón), ἐρέσσω (eréssō)
    Mycenaean Greek: 𐀁𐀩𐀲 (e-re-ta /eretās/)
*h₁réh₁-ti-s ~ *h₁r̥h₁-téy-s[7]
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: εἰρεσῐ́α (eiresía)
    Ionic Greek: εἰρεσῐ́η (eiresíē)
- Proto-Italic: *ratis
  - Latin: ratis
*h₁r̥h₁-tlo-m[8]
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: ir̃kls, ir̃klis
  - Lithuanian: ìrklas
*h₁érh₁-tro-m or *h₁érh₁-tlo-m
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HárHtram
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HárHtram
    - Sanskrit: अरित्र (arítra, áritra)
*h₁roh₁-tro-m
- Proto-Germanic: *rōþrą (“rudder”) (see there for further descendants)

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 338
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 251-252
Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 204–205
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἐρέτης”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 454
Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 306
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “rēmus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 518-519
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “ratis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 514-515
Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 203

Root

*h₁reh₁-[1][2][3][4]

to separate
loose, sparse, rare

Derived terms

Category Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁reh₁- (separate) not found

*h₁reh₁-dʰ-us[2]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *reˀd-
  - Proto-Slavic: *rědъkъ (see there for further descendants)
*h₁reh₁-mos[3]
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: ἐρῆμος (erêmos)
    Mycenaean Greek: 𐀁𐀩𐀗 (e-re-mo /erēmos/)
    Early Attic Greek: ἔρημος (érēmos)
*h₁reh₁-t-[4]
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: rets (why short e?)
  - Lithuanian: rẽtas (why short e?)
- Proto-Italic: *rēti-
  - Latin: rēte

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 332 of 332, 333
Derksen, Rick (2008), “*rědъkъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 343
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἐρῆμος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 456-457
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “rēte / rētis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 521

[1] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 338

[LIV-2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 251-252

[D_irti-3] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 204–205

[Beekes-4] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἐρέτης”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 454

[M_*rayo--5] Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 306

[DV_remus-6] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “rēmus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 518-519

[DV_ratis-7] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “ratis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 514-515

[D_irklas-8] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 203

[9] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 332 of 332, 333

[D_*rědъkъ-10] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*rědъkъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 343

[Beekes-11] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἐρῆμος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 456-457

[DV_rete-12] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “rēte / rētis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 521