Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁n̥dʰí

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Likely from *h₁ní (“down, downwards”) +‎ *dʰe (locative particle).

Adverb

*h₁n̥dʰí[1]

under, below

Derived terms

*h₁n̥dʰ-és (innovative gen.sg.)[2][3]
- Amermian:
  - Old Armenian: ընդ (ənd, “under”, instr.) (conflated with *h₁entér (“between”))
- Indo-Iranian: *Hadʰás (“below, downwards”)[2][3] (see there for further descendants)
*h₁n̥dʰ-ér, *h₁n̥dʰ-éri (innovative loc.sg.)[4][5]
*h₁n̥dʰ-m̥mó-s (“lowest”)[4]
- Indo-Iranian: *Hadʰamás[3][6] (see there for further descendants)
- Italic: *enðimos
  - Latin: īnfimus
  - Latin: īmus (< *emmos < *enðmos[7])

Descendants

Anatolian: [Term?]
- Lydian: [script needed] (ẽti)
Indo-Iranian: *Hadʰí (“over, above”) (conflated with *éti (“over, accross”))
- Indo-Aryan: *Hadʰí
  - Sanskrit: अधि (ádhi, “upper, supreme”)
- Iranian: *Hadʰí[8]
  - Old Avestan: 𐬀𐬌𐬛𐬍‎ (aidī)
    - Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬌𐬜𐬌‎ (aiδi)
  - Old Persian: [script needed] (adiy)
Tocharian: [Term?]
- Tocharian B: ette (“down, lower”)

References

Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 68
Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “adhás”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*adah”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 80-81
Pokorny, Julius (1959), “n̥dhos, n̥dheri”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 49
Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 134
Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “adhamá-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “īmus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 300
Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*adi”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 83

[1] Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 68

[IAIL_adhas-2] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “adhás”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[ESIJa_adah-3] Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*adah”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 80-81

[IEW-4] Pokorny, Julius (1959), “n̥dhos, n̥dheri”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 49

[5] Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 134

[IAIL_adhama-6] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “adhamá-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[7] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “īmus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 300

[8] Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*adi”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 83