< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European
Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁esh₂ós
 | This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Noun
*h₁esh₂ós m
- master
Declension
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *h₁esh₂ós | ||
| genitive | *h₁esh₂ósyo | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *h₁esh₂ós | *h₁esh₂óh₁ | *h₁esh₂óes |
| vocative | *h₁esh₂é | *h₁esh₂óh₁ | *h₁esh₂óes |
| accusative | *h₁esh₂óm | *h₁esh₂óh₁ | *h₁esh₂óms |
| genitive | *h₁esh₂ósyo | *? | *h₁esh₂óHom |
| ablative | *h₁esh₂éad | *? | *h₁esh₂ómos |
| dative | *h₁esh₂óey | *? | *h₁esh₂ómos |
| locative | *h₁esh₂éy, *h₁esh₂óy | *? | *h₁esh₂óysu |
| instrumental | *h₁esh₂óh₁ | *? | *h₁esh₂ṓys |
Descendants
- Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒅖𒄩𒀀𒀸 (išḫāš, “master”)[1]
- Lydian: 𐤦𐤮𐤠𐤮 (iśaś, “lord, master, noble”)[1][2]
- Celtic: (possibly)
- Gaulish: Esus, Aesus (“Esus, a Gaulish deity”)
- Proto-Italic: *ezos[3]
- Latin: erus (“master”)
- Umbrian: erus (“master”)
References
- Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “išḫā-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 390
- “A Lydian Etymology for the Name of Croesus”, in Studies in Honor of Jaan Puhvel-Part One: Ancient Languages and Philology, Washington D.C.: Institute for the Study of Man, 1997, →ISBN, page 23-28
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “erus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 194–195